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| - During the 19th Century, Spain's power and position in the world had gradually slipped, losing their colonies in the Americas and the Caribbean. By the dawn of the 20th Century, Spain's power in the Pacific had long since dwindled down to nothing. Japan, on the other hand, had begun asserting itself militarily and politically. This coupled with Spain's obvious weakness, and with the U.S. having split up into two mutually-hostile states, which kept each other busy and neither of which could afford any intensive involvement across the Pacific.
- The Hispano-Japanese War is a fictional conflict in Harry Turtledove's Timeline-191 alternate history series. This is only a sideline event, which the author does not say much about. After the victory of the Confederate States of America in the American Civil War (called the War of Secession in the novel and lasted from 1861–1862), the southern states became independent with the support of Great Britain and France. Then, they tried to expand their territories to the south, pressuring Spain into yielding her colony of Cuba. This little-explained event finalized one year in the 1870s with the Confederacy's acquisition of Cuba (which would become a new state of the Confederacy in the future). It is possible, though unlikely, that the purchase came after a short war lost by Spain. Nevertheless
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| abstract
| - During the 19th Century, Spain's power and position in the world had gradually slipped, losing their colonies in the Americas and the Caribbean. By the dawn of the 20th Century, Spain's power in the Pacific had long since dwindled down to nothing. Japan, on the other hand, had begun asserting itself militarily and politically. This coupled with Spain's obvious weakness, and with the U.S. having split up into two mutually-hostile states, which kept each other busy and neither of which could afford any intensive involvement across the Pacific. The decisive battle of the war was launched by the Japanese Navy when they made a surprise attack on the Spanish Pacific Squadron in Manila Harbor, destroying it and allowing the Japanese Army to land and engage the Spanish Garrison there. Blockaded by sea and with no chance of receiving any reinforcements, aid or supplies, the Spanish Army within the city surrendered. However, after the capture of Manila, soldiers of the Spanish Army were mistreated and tortured by soldiers of the IJA. After this major victory, the war was a foregone conclusion, and Spain surrendered to Japan. In the ensuing peace, Japan stripped Spain of all its Pacific territories, including Guam and the Philippines. Japan's victory made the rest of the Western world stand up and take notice of her emergence as a modern military power. Never had an Asian country so completely defeated a European one. Indeed, Western journalists were forced to leave the Philippines before they could file complete reports on Japanese atrocities there. Skeptics were quick to point out that Spain was hardly a formidable opponent. Nonetheless, Europe had to concede that Japan had arrived as a player on the political scene, and would have to be dealt with as something like an equal.
- The Hispano-Japanese War is a fictional conflict in Harry Turtledove's Timeline-191 alternate history series. This is only a sideline event, which the author does not say much about. After the victory of the Confederate States of America in the American Civil War (called the War of Secession in the novel and lasted from 1861–1862), the southern states became independent with the support of Great Britain and France. Then, they tried to expand their territories to the south, pressuring Spain into yielding her colony of Cuba. This little-explained event finalized one year in the 1870s with the Confederacy's acquisition of Cuba (which would become a new state of the Confederacy in the future). It is possible, though unlikely, that the purchase came after a short war lost by Spain. Nevertheless, Spain was able to retain the government of Puerto Rico and her other colonies. Later, the weakening of the Spanish empire and the confused politics in the country attracted the attention of Japan (which had just obtained Chosun and Formosa from China) to the Spanish colonies located near her in the East Indies. This led to a confrontation around the turn of the 20th century (although the year is never specified) between the two countries, that ended with a Japanese victory and the occupation of the Philippines, Guam, Palau, the Carolines, and the Mariana Islands by Japan. The war is notorious for an event that occurred after the Japanese conquered Manila: the brutal treatment of Spanish prisoners that was witnessed by a U.S. writer named Richard Harding Davis, who later wrote an account of the atrocities that made his name famous across the USA. Finally, the success of Japan convinced the Russian Empire to not take issue with the Japanese influence over Korea and China. Thus, the Russian Fleet did not (as it did in reality) abandon its bases in the Baltic Sea, and the Russo-Japanese War of 1905 never occurred.
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