* Tens of thousands of Iraqis killed
* 4 million people displaced
* Shi'a dominated governments formed after 2005 and 2010 elections
* Eventual improvements in public security
* Presence of British and American troops in advise and assist roles until 2011
N.B.: The factional situation is complex; Sunni- and Shi'ite-linked militias have also fought amongst each other, and have colluded with government forces. Some casualties also linked to the crime activities and not due to the war. See the full text for details.