About: Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution   Sponge Permalink

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In physics, particularly statistical mechanics, the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution describes particle speeds in gases, where the particles move freely without interacting with one another, except for very brief elastic collisions in which they may exchange momentum and kinetic energy, but do not change their respective states of intramolecular excitation, as a function of the temperature of the system, the mass of the particle, and speed of the particle. Particle in this context refers to the gaseous atoms or molecules – no difference is made between the two in its development and result.

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  • Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution
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  • In physics, particularly statistical mechanics, the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution describes particle speeds in gases, where the particles move freely without interacting with one another, except for very brief elastic collisions in which they may exchange momentum and kinetic energy, but do not change their respective states of intramolecular excitation, as a function of the temperature of the system, the mass of the particle, and speed of the particle. Particle in this context refers to the gaseous atoms or molecules – no difference is made between the two in its development and result.
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  • In physics, particularly statistical mechanics, the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution describes particle speeds in gases, where the particles move freely without interacting with one another, except for very brief elastic collisions in which they may exchange momentum and kinetic energy, but do not change their respective states of intramolecular excitation, as a function of the temperature of the system, the mass of the particle, and speed of the particle. Particle in this context refers to the gaseous atoms or molecules – no difference is made between the two in its development and result. It is a probability distribution (derived assuming isotropy) for the speed of a particle constituting the gas - the magnitude of its velocity vector, meaning that for a given temperature, the particle will have a speed selected randomly from the distribution, but is more likely to be within one range of some speeds than others. The Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution applies to ideal gases close to thermodynamic equilibrium with negligible quantum effects and at non-relativistic speeds. It forms the basis of the kinetic theory of gases, which provides a simplified explanation of many fundamental gaseous properties, including pressure and diffusion. However - there is a generalization to relativistic speeds, see Maxwell-Juttner distribution below. The distribution is named after James Clerk Maxwell and Ludwig Boltzmann.
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