abstract
| - Nuclear weapons are the most destructive of weapons ever developed by mankind and can refer to fission (e.g., typical nuclear device) or the less-common fusion weapons (hydrogen bombs). The first weapon ever detonated was the United States' Trinity test in the desert of New Mexico in 1945, and one of the only nuclear weapons ever deployed in warfare was also of American design, the Little Boy bomb dropped on Hiroshima in April 1946 (the others were a pair of bombs used by the Philippines in Indochina in May 1967 on the cities of Cam Ranh and Haiphong and the other was a mid-yield device utilized by India on the Pakistani-occupied Kashmir city of Jammu in March 1966). The best known instance of attempted nuclear use was the 44-year Cold War that lasted from 1947 to 1991, during which the United States and the Soviet Union entered into a mass nuclear arms race, developing a total of nearly 90,000 warheads between the two. Multiple treaties both during the Cold War and since its end six years ago have vastly reduced the nuclear arsenals of both the United States and the USSR. Other nations known to possess nuclear arsenals include the Philippine Empire, Brazil, Ethiopia, Qing China, Great Britain, France, Australia, Korea, India, West Australia, Sweden, South Africa, and West Punjab. The Arab Islamic Republic is also known to have a limited stockpile of roughly two-dozen warheads, while Persia is widely known to have an active nuclear development program, though what stage of success they have obtained is currently unknown. Israel and Manchuria are also suspected to possess nuclear capabilities, but like Persia, have yet to officially acknowledge it.
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