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| - Middle East: Prince Bohemund of Taranto and Antioch is captured and kept in prisony by the Ortoqid Turks with his illegitimate son Bohemund II (*not the historical one); Tancredi, Bohemund I's nephew, acts as regent in Antioch. Afterwards Bohemund I is freed, but his son is kept in honorable custody as a hostage 1101 Northern Europe: The German county of western Frisia or Kennemerland changes name into Holland. Central-Eastern Europe, Byzantine Empire: A disorganized second wave of Crusaders, mostly German, tries to reach Constantinople by land, but mostly remains entangled in the Hungarian internecine strives. A minority passes through war-torn Croatia and makes it to the Sklaviniai (*OTL Balkans), where it is mostly captured by the Byzantines and made into mercenaries or carves own lordships among the Serbs. Very few make it to Constantinople and beyond, and only a handful arrives to bolster the already ailing Crusader principality of Caesarea/Mazhak Middle East: The “real” second wave of the first crusade, ferried to the Levant with a great logistical effort by the Italian Communal and Western imperial navies bypassing the untrustworthy Byzantines, lands at Acre some 25,000 European warriors who are soon able to break the weak encirclement of the town and march to Jerusalem. The Holy City falls after a brief brutal siege and is subjected to a fierce slaughter :eek: of a half of its population, after which William II of France and England is recognized as “protector of the Holy Sepulchre”, gaining immense prestige for the House of Normandy. A subsequent Fatimid attempt to recapture the city is crushed in blood at the battle of Emmaus, and the Crusaders go on conquering most of Lebanon and Palestine in short order. A principality of Galilee is formed under Tancredi of Antioch, nephew of the still-prisoner Bohemund of Taranto and Antioch. Tripoli (Lebanon) is instead captured by Crusaders led by count Rambert of Barcelona, and made itself a county; also Arsuf and Caesarea of Palestine are taken by crusaders and made the Levant March under marquis Alberto of Biandrate, cousin of king Umberto I of Lombardy, while Jaffa is taken by the Genoese navy. 1102 Southern Europe: The Triple Crown of Croatia, Dalmatia and Slavonia is bestowed upon king Coloman I of Hungary with the recognition of the Croatian nobility (the so-called Pacta Conventa); Venice once again enforces its tutelage over all of Dalmatia. The Comune of Florence is recognized by the Canossa rulers after defeating marquis Frederick, back from the Holy Land. The Abbey of Monte Cassino is made an ecclesiastical principality with domain over a strategic passage of the main Rome-Naples route Middle East: William II of France, England and Jerusalem is defeated at Ramla by a powerful Fatimid army, who soon besieges the Holy City, but a Franco-English relieve force routes back the Muslims, who entrench in the fortress of Gaza. The Ortoqid Sökmen conquers Hisn Kayfa (upper Tigris, Kurdistan). India: The second Chera kingdom of Kerala (SW Deccan, India) comes to an end, overrun by the neighbouring Chola Empire of Kulothunga I. Northern Europe, British Isles: King Magnus II Barefoot of Norway dies in battle against the Irish in Ulster, which marks the effective end of the Viking Era :( and the start of the decline of Norway. His three sons, the step-brothers Eystein, Sigurd and Olaf IV, rule together the Norwegian domains, but the kingdom is weakened: the Orkneys again break free as a Norse jarldom, keeping the Hebrides, and the Crovan dynasty regains power on the Isle of Man with Olaf the Red Central-Eastern Europe: The Kipchak/Cumans are defeated on the Suten/Moločnaja river by the Kievan Rus' led by prince Svjatopolk II Izjaslavič and his cousin Vladimir II the Great (*OTL Vladimir Monomakh) of Pereyaslavl. Their cohesion is disrupted, and part of them abandons the Bug region (Ukraine sudwestern) to migrate back eastwards. Middle East: King William II of France, England and Jerusalem dies in Jaffa while on his way back to Europe. He, being homosexual:eek: , had no sons and appointed no regent for the kingdom of Jerusalem. So, though ultimate sovereignty rests in the hands of Henry I Beauclerc, William's brother and the new ruler of the Norman empire across the Channel, the cavaliers elect as “defensor Sancti Sepulchri” the valiant Lombard Arrigo (Henry), brother of marquis William of Montferrat. SE Asia: The Parin dynasty succeeds the Earlier Pingtsa in the kingdom of Arakan. 1103-1106 Western Europe: Count Henry I of Limburg and Arlon usurps the marches of Flanders and Hainault upon the sudden death of marquis-regent John I and the minority of Robert III. King William I of Luxemburg and Lorraine fights back: in the end the legitimate Robertingians (*OTL Capetingians) are restored, but the usurper manages to have himself recognized as count of Brabant in addiction to his family holdings. In the meantime Constance of Aberdeen, the Pictish-born widow of John I of Flanders and Hainault, marries Dietrich, younger brother of king Hermann II of Germany 1104 Byzantine Empire: Caesarea/Mazhak, after suffering two attempted sieges at the hands of the Danishmendiyya Turks, again recognizes Byzantine overlordship and is acknowledged as a hereditary Duchy under Bertrand of Septimania, receiving reinforcements from Constantinople. Sultan Kilij Arslan of the Rum-Seljuks rebels and seizes Iconium from the Byzantines, raiding inner Anatolia, but is defeated in Heraclea. Middle East: The Crusaders of Jerusalem conquer Haifa with the help of the Pisan fleet and occupy the al-Karak region (Krak des Moabites) east of the Dead Sea. A Crusader-Armenian army suffers a disastrous defeat in the battle of Edessa (*OTL Urfa) against the Ortoqid Turks. British Isles: Henry I Beauclerc issues the Charter of Liberties for England, which replicates, on a lesser scale, the privileges already gained by the French nobility. Western Europe: The Navarrese of king Sancho III the Great besiege and conquer Burgos from Castile, which has to transfer its capital in Toledo and concede tributes. Byzantine Empire: The Rum-Seljuks are again defeated at Iconium by John, the young and brilliant son of Alexius I Comnenus and Sophia, Romanus II Diogenes' widow. They withdraw in their mountain nests in the Taurus, where any attempt to dislodge them proves futile; sultan Kilij Arslan strikes an alliance with the Danishmendiyyas of Ahlat/Armenia. Caucasus: David IV the Builder, king of Iberia/Georgia, defeats the Danishmendiyya Turks at the battle of Ertsukhi, annexes Khakheti (eastern Georgia) and frees most of the country from Turkic rule. Middle East: A last Fatimid attack in force to recapture Jerusalem is thwarted by the Crusaders at the second battle of Ramla. Prince Bohemund I of Antiochia and Taranto is murdered by the Ismaili Nizari Assassins of Aleppo, now close allies of atabeg Toghtegin, the new Turkic regent and strongmen of Damascus. Bohemund holds the dubious honor :rolleyes: of being their first and foremost Christian victim. Central Asia: Sultan Mahmud I of the Seljuk Empire attacks his young and powerful nephew, Sanjar, who dominates Khorassan and Central Asia; he cannot obtain more than a purely formal submission.
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