abstract
| - Guayana was initially inhabited by various indigenous groups and tribes prior to European colonisation with the Arawaks and the Carib being the most dominant tribes. The area was first colonised by a expedition sponsored by the Grand Duke of Tuscany Ferdinando I in 1608. After the establishment of the port town of Aquinas the land was declared as part of the Grand Duchy and was a Tuscan colony. In 1805 amid the backdrop of the French Revolutionary Wars the colony declared independence as the United Kingdom of Guayana under an elective monarchy. The kingdom subsequently became embroiled in bitter wars with its neighbours Brazil and Venezuela which saw large tacts of land being periodically exchanged until the current borders were confirmed in 1914. Guayana experienced a huge wave of immigration from Italy, the Philippines and the German Empire (modern day Germany and western Poland). The Guayanan monarch regime was highly reactionary with Guayana having little democratic reforms until the monarchy was overthrown in the Guayanan Revolution creating the Confederate Union of Guayana. Infighting over federalism, the rise of Protestantism and Canaanism and eventual declaration of independence of the Amazonian Soviet prompted the enforcement of martial law by the Guayanan National Party in 1938 and the centralisation of the government. Martial law was lifted in 1958 ushering in a new government that itself was overthrown in a neofascist military coup in 1964. In 1991 the military regime was desposed after protests, with Guayana being a liberal democracy since. Guayana is an unitary confessionalist semi-presidential republic with seats in the senate being allocated to Roman Catholics, Protestants, Canaanites and non-affiliated religious people's. The head of state and government is the President who is directly elected to non-renewable seven year terms. Guayana has a developed economy with focus placed on fishing, logging, mining (especially of bauxite and gold), crude oil and sugar. In recent years Lagovesti has started to build a strong service sector so it can make the transition into a post-industrial society. Guayana has also started to invest in tourism and protection of the Amazon rain forest, which is partly located in Guayana's southern provinces. Guayana shares close relations with the United States, Canada and Colombia. In recent years it has come to frequent blows with the Venezuelan government especially over the issue of Venezuela's claims over the Guayana Province. Political repression, inequality and corruption also remain persistent problems in Guayana as does the ongoing insurgency fuelled by the booming narcotics trade in Guayana as well as intensive state repression. Guayana is a member of the League of Nations, OAS, Mercosur, USAN, ACTO, IMF and the World Bank.
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