abstract
| - The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a treaty signed between delegations of the German Empire and Bolshevik Russia, marking the withdrawal of Russia from the war and an end to hostilities on the Eastern Front. It was signed in the aforementioned city on January 15th, 1918. The treaty was the result of Lenin's insistence that Communist Russia, in its current state, was unable to cause the global revolution it had sought. Thus, Lenin went against popular opinion in the Party, giving Trotsky strict orders in order to save what territory he could. Peace talks started on December 22nd, 1917, a week after the ceasefire on the Eastern Front started. Representatives from Germany were pleasantly surprised by the Bolsheviks willingness to make peace with the Central Powers. The German state secretary Richard von Kühlmann noted: „The level of cooperation during the meetings was quite surprising to us. Here were peasants, workers and revolutionaries, who had openly admitted their willingness to export their socialist revolution and yet were willing to sit down and work things out with representatives of entire empires. Simply astonishing!“ Trotsky was angered by Lenin's strict orders and had repeatedly argued against any peace, but later noted:“Although I was furious by the Treaty initially, looking back at it now, I can see the cunning that was at play during the meetings and our leaders reasoning behind it. This was a pivotal moment that helped us and I truly doubt what our ability to hold power would have been were it not for this agreement with the German old order.“
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