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| - Rashid al-Din asserts that Temüjin lived to the age of 72, placing his year of birth at 1155. The Yuanshi (元史, History of the Yuan dynasty, not to be confused with the era name of the Han Dynasty), records his year of birth as 1165. According to Ratchnevsky, accepting a birth in 1155 would render Genghis Khan a father only at the age of 30, and would imply that at the ripe age of 72 he personally commanded the expedition against the Tanguts. Also, according to the Altan Tobci, Genghis Khan's sister, Temulin, was nine years younger than he; but the Secret History relates that Temulin was an infant during the attack by the Merkits, during which Genghis Khan would have been 18, had he been born in 1155. Zhao Hong reports in his travelogue that the Mongols he questioned did not and had never k
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| abstract
| - Rashid al-Din asserts that Temüjin lived to the age of 72, placing his year of birth at 1155. The Yuanshi (元史, History of the Yuan dynasty, not to be confused with the era name of the Han Dynasty), records his year of birth as 1165. According to Ratchnevsky, accepting a birth in 1155 would render Genghis Khan a father only at the age of 30, and would imply that at the ripe age of 72 he personally commanded the expedition against the Tanguts. Also, according to the Altan Tobci, Genghis Khan's sister, Temulin, was nine years younger than he; but the Secret History relates that Temulin was an infant during the attack by the Merkits, during which Genghis Khan would have been 18, had he been born in 1155. Zhao Hong reports in his travelogue that the Mongols he questioned did not and had never known their ages.–August 18, 1227) was a Mongol political and military leader or Khan (Ruler) (posthumously Khagan (Emperor)) who united the Mongol tribes and founded the Mongol Empire (Yeke Mongol Ulus, Екэ Монгол Улус), (1206 – 1368), the largest contiguous empire in world history. Born to the name Temüjin (Тэмүүжин) in the Borjigin clan, he forged a powerful army based on merit to become one of the most significant and successful military leaders in history. While his image in some regions of the world has traditionally been that of a ruthless and bloodthirsty conqueror, Genghis Khan is an iconic and beloved figure in Mongolia, where he is seen as the father of the Mongol Nation (see also Mongolia). Before becoming a Khan, Temüjin eliminated and united many of the nomadic tribes of north East Asia and Central Asia under a social identity as the "Mongols." Genghis Khan was born between 1150 and 1160. In his early childhood, he learned how to ride a horse. Later when he was six years old, he was allowed to participate in hunting expeditions with his clan/tribe. At around the age of nine, his tribal leader father was poisoned and he and his household were driven away by his clan that thought he was too young to rule. Taught by his mother, he became leader of his family and learned how to care for and protect others which would later be important for controlling an empire. In the middle of his life when he was in his 40s or 50s, after creating the Mongol nation, Genghis Khan set out on conquests and defeated the Jin Dynasty. He learned much from the Chinese including siege warfare. He also used diplomacy. However, in the case of the Khwarezmid Empire, diplomacy failed, and he resolved the situation with warfare. Through these means, Genghis Khan created one of the most powerful empires in history. Starting with the invasion of Western Xia and Jin Dynasty in northern China and consolidating through numerous conquests including the Khwarezmid Empire in Persia, Mongol rule across the Eurasian landmass radically altered the demography and geopolitics of these areas. The Mongol Empire ended up ruling, or at least briefly conquering, large parts of modern day China, Mongolia, Russia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Iraq, Iran, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Moldova, South Korea, North Korea, and Kuwait. Genghis Khan died in 1227 for reasons that remain unclear. His sons and grandsons controlled the empire after his death and the empire grew and endured for over 150 years.
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