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‘Iṣmah "Protection" (Arabic: عِصْمَة‎) is the concept of infallibility or "divinely bestowed freedom from error and sin" in Islam. Muslims believe that Muhammad and other prophets in Islam possessed ‘iṣmah. Twelver and Ismaili Shī‘ah Muslims also attribute the quality to Imāms and Fatima Zahra, daughter of Muhammad. Zaidi Shia however, do not attribute ‘ismah to the Imāms. The doctrine has been rejected by some, such as the Kharijites, who point to the second ayah in the Surah] of Al-Fath, in which God says to Muhammad that he will; "forgive thee thy faults of the past and those to follow".

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  • Ismah
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  • ‘Iṣmah "Protection" (Arabic: عِصْمَة‎) is the concept of infallibility or "divinely bestowed freedom from error and sin" in Islam. Muslims believe that Muhammad and other prophets in Islam possessed ‘iṣmah. Twelver and Ismaili Shī‘ah Muslims also attribute the quality to Imāms and Fatima Zahra, daughter of Muhammad. Zaidi Shia however, do not attribute ‘ismah to the Imāms. The doctrine has been rejected by some, such as the Kharijites, who point to the second ayah in the Surah] of Al-Fath, in which God says to Muhammad that he will; "forgive thee thy faults of the past and those to follow".
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abstract
  • ‘Iṣmah "Protection" (Arabic: عِصْمَة‎) is the concept of infallibility or "divinely bestowed freedom from error and sin" in Islam. Muslims believe that Muhammad and other prophets in Islam possessed ‘iṣmah. Twelver and Ismaili Shī‘ah Muslims also attribute the quality to Imāms and Fatima Zahra, daughter of Muhammad. Zaidi Shia however, do not attribute ‘ismah to the Imāms. The concept that Islam had sinless messengers is believed to have arisen from a speech given by Abu Bakr following Muhammad's death, in which he states that "God has elected Muhammad over all other human beings, and has protected him from moral weaknesses". The doctrine has been rejected by some, such as the Kharijites, who point to the second ayah in the Surah] of Al-Fath, in which God says to Muhammad that he will; "forgive thee thy faults of the past and those to follow".
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