The Battle of Veracruz, or the Battle of San Juan de Ulúa, is a naval battle that opposed a French frigate squadron under Contre-amiral Charles Baudin to the Mexican citadel of San Juan de Ulúa that defended the city of Veracruz between the 27 November 1838 to 5 December.
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| - Battle of Veracruz (1838)
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| - The Battle of Veracruz, or the Battle of San Juan de Ulúa, is a naval battle that opposed a French frigate squadron under Contre-amiral Charles Baudin to the Mexican citadel of San Juan de Ulúa that defended the city of Veracruz between the 27 November 1838 to 5 December.
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- 4(xsd:integer)
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- Land:
- Sea:
- ~3,000 men
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| Date
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| Commander
| - Antonio López de Santa Anna
- Charles Baudin
- Mariano Arista
- Antonio Gaona
- Prince de Joinville
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| Caption
| - Bombardment of San Juan de Ulúa off Vera Cruz. From left to right, the corvette Créole, and the frigates Gloire, Néréide and Iphigénie.
- Painting by Théodore Gudin.
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| Result
| - French victory
- Peace treaty arranged
- Veracruz occupied
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| abstract
| - The Battle of Veracruz, or the Battle of San Juan de Ulúa, is a naval battle that opposed a French frigate squadron under Contre-amiral Charles Baudin to the Mexican citadel of San Juan de Ulúa that defended the city of Veracruz between the 27 November 1838 to 5 December. Having crossed the Atlantic to settle a dispute between France and Mexico, the squadron anchored off Veracruz and negotiated until all diplomatic means to solve the dispute appeared exhausted. After announcing that hostilities would begin, Baudin had his squadron bombard the fort. French fire, particularly heavy mortars mounted on Bomb vessels and Paixhans guns on frigates, silenced the citadel and forced it to surrender on 28 November, a remarkable feat for the time. Mexican authorities, however, refused to cave in to French demands, forcing Baudin to mount a raid against the city itself on 5 December. Despite its limited ground forces, the French squadron succeeded in capturing Mariano Arista and in wounding General Antonio López de Santa Anna. The swift capture of the citadel at the hands of a limited squadron of relatively light warships stunned military observers who had gathered to watch the scene, and marked the beginning of the era of shell artillery and the modernisation of navies across the world. Politically, the attack undermined the Mexican regime while bolstering the prestige of Santa Anna, contributing to further the political instability of Mexico. In France, the battle yielded considerable public attention at the moment, but was later overshadowed by the much more considerable French intervention in Mexico in the 1860s.
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