| abstract
| - On 12 April 1993 the Bosnian Serbs told the UNHCR representatives that they would attack the town of Srebrenica within two days unless the Bosniaks surrendered and they did. The same day, Serbs attacked Srebrenica's elementary school, killing 62 Bosniak children and wounding 152 others. Sead Bekrić, one of the survivors, gave evidence to the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia describing how he was blinded at the age of 12 "There was a soccer field in Srebrenica on April 12th 1993 and there was a massive amount of people and we had a match and there was a shelling from Zvijezda, from the hill above Bratunac and the soccer field was shelled and I was blinded, together with 62 other people killed on the soccer field... My understanding there was about 60, 62 people killed on that day and there was over 100 wounded on that day." Survivors were treated by Dr. Nedret Mujkanović, who in an interview with Chuck Sudetic described how people were sitting around in front of the refugee-packed school and children were playing football and other games. "In less than one minute, seven rockets from a multiple rocket launcher fell in an area about half the size of a football field." Dr. Mujkanović told Sudetic that 36 people had died immediately and 102 had been seriously wounded. He said that the Serbs knew there was a camp of refugees from Cerska and Konjević Polje in the school. "They directed their fire at that location. It came completely by surprise. There were pieces of women scattered about, and you could not see how to fit them together. I saw one dead mother lying on the ground and holding the hands of her two dead children. They all had no heads." Dr. Mujkanović subsequently gave evidence to the ICTY about the shelling on 12 April. Srebrenica was under general attack. After the fall of Cerska and Konjević Polje, their population of 15,000 or more had fled to Srebrenica and were accommodated in the primary and secondary schools in Srebrenica and even on the streets. When the school was shelled, over 100 people were killed and approximately the same number seriously injured, including lots of women, lots of children and some men. Dr. Mujkanović also told the Tribunal how the evacuation of the injured had been shelled by the Serbs. There is some confusion about the final number of the dead. No formal investigation was conducted as far as Sead Bekrić's evidence to the ICTY indicates. The memorial at the site refers to the commemoration of between 70 and 100 victims. The massacre and the injured Sead Bekrić were seen as emblematic of the fate of the child victims of the violent war of ethnic cleansing unleashed in Bosnia. Sead's face was shown around the world by CNN television. The cover of the 10 May 1993 edition of Newsweek magazine printed one large, self-explanatory word across Sead's injured chest: "Bosnia". The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum features testimony by Christiane Amanpour about the massacre along with a report showing the arrival in Tuzla of a number of wounded child survivors, including Sead Bekrić. This massacre occurred immediately before the United Nations declared Srebrenica a "safe haven", and more than two years before the Srebrenica genocide. The massacre is one of the crimes with which Radovan Karadžić and Ratko Mladić were charged under the 24 July 1995 indictment issued by the International Criminal Tribunal for the fomer Yugoslavia. The incident is also mentioned in Emir Suljagić's personal account of the siege and fall of Srebrenica, "Postcards from the Grave".
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