Gekiga(劇画) is Japanese for "dramatic pictures." The term was coined by Yoshihiro Tatsumi and adopted by other more serious Japanese cartoonists who did not want their trade to be known as manga or "irresponsible pictures." It's akin to Will Eisner who started calling his comics "graphic novels" as opposed to "comic books" for the same reason.
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| - Als Gekiga (jap. 劇画, dt. Bilderdrama) werden Comics aus Japan bezeichnet, die sich mit realistischen Zeichnungen und ernsthaften Erzählungen von Manga (dt. zufällige Bilder) unterscheiden. Geprägt wurde dieser Begriff 1957 von Yoshihiro Tatsumi. Da sich Gekiga an erwachsene Leser richten, werden sie oft als Seinen oder alternativ bezeichnet.
- Gekiga(劇画) is Japanese for "dramatic pictures." The term was coined by Yoshihiro Tatsumi and adopted by other more serious Japanese cartoonists who did not want their trade to be known as manga or "irresponsible pictures." It's akin to Will Eisner who started calling his comics "graphic novels" as opposed to "comic books" for the same reason.
- Gekiga is a style of alternative Manga started in 1957. The style was largely pioneered by Yoshihiro Tatsumi who would eventually coin the term to further differentiate it from the other comics in the day. Eventually the style and its growing influence among Mangaka lead to Osamu Tezuka writing in the style as well. Many of Tezuka's works near the end of his career are Gekiga or influenced by it such as Phoenix and Adolf. Tezuka's embracement of the style lead to an even stronger boom in the realm of experimental comics.
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| - Als Gekiga (jap. 劇画, dt. Bilderdrama) werden Comics aus Japan bezeichnet, die sich mit realistischen Zeichnungen und ernsthaften Erzählungen von Manga (dt. zufällige Bilder) unterscheiden. Geprägt wurde dieser Begriff 1957 von Yoshihiro Tatsumi. Da sich Gekiga an erwachsene Leser richten, werden sie oft als Seinen oder alternativ bezeichnet.
- Gekiga is a style of alternative Manga started in 1957. The style was largely pioneered by Yoshihiro Tatsumi who would eventually coin the term to further differentiate it from the other comics in the day. "Manga" means "humorous pictures"; "gekiga" was designed as a parallel word meaning "dramatic pictures", reflecting the fact that gekiga was intended for older readers (manga at the time was aimed almost exclusively at pre-teens) and was much more serious than the other Japanese comics of the day. The drawing style and the stories had a stark realism to them and often depicted the struggles of the everyday man in Japan. Eventually the style and its growing influence among Mangaka lead to Osamu Tezuka writing in the style as well. Many of Tezuka's works near the end of his career are Gekiga or influenced by it such as Phoenix and Adolf. Tezuka's embracement of the style lead to an even stronger boom in the realm of experimental comics. Eventually the influence of gekiga began to fade as Japanese comics became more and more commercialized; mainstream comics for adult readers eventually developed into Seinen. Currently the term refers to modern alternative manga, as well as the 60's and 70's originals.
- Gekiga(劇画) is Japanese for "dramatic pictures." The term was coined by Yoshihiro Tatsumi and adopted by other more serious Japanese cartoonists who did not want their trade to be known as manga or "irresponsible pictures." It's akin to Will Eisner who started calling his comics "graphic novels" as opposed to "comic books" for the same reason. Tatsumi began publishing "gekiga" in 1957. Gekiga was vastly different from most manga at the time, which were aimed at children. These "dramatic pictures" emerged not from the mainstream manga publications in Tokyo headed by Osamu Tezuka but from the lending libraries based out of Osaka. The lending library industry tolerated more experimental and offensive works to be published than the mainstream "Tezuka camp" during this time period. By the late 1960s and early 1970s the children who grew up reading manga wanted something aimed at older audiences and gekiga provided for that niche. In addition this particular generation came to be known as the manga generation and read manga as a form of rebellion (which was similar to the role rock and roll played for hippies in the United States). Manga reading was particularly common in the 1960s among anti-U.S.-Japan Security Treaty and Labor oriented student protest groups at this time. These youths became known in Japan as the "manga generation." Because of the growing popularity of these originally underground comics, even Osamu Tezuka began to display the influence of gekiga cartoonists in works such as Hi no Tori (Phoenix), produced in the early 1970s, and especially in Adolf, produced in the early 1980s. Adolf has heavy influences from Tatsumi's artwork, with more realistic styling and darker settings than most of Tezuka’s work. In turn Tatsumi was influenced by Tezuka though storytelling techniques. Not only was the storytelling in gekiga more serious but also the style was more realistic. Gekiga constitutes the work of first generation of Japanese alternative cartoonists. Some authors use this original definition to produce works that only contained shock factor. As a result of Tezuka adopting gekiga styles and storytelling, there was an acceptance of a wide diversity of experimental stories into the mainstream comic market commonly referred to critics as being the Golden Age of Manga. This started in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s. In 1977, writer Kazuo Koike founded the Gekiga Sonjuku educational program, which emphasized maturity and strong characterization in manga. As mainstream shōnen magazines became increasingly more commercialized, gekiga's influence began to fade. More recently the most mainstream shōnen publications have lost a lot of gekiga influence and these kinds of works are now found in slightly more underground publications (usually seinen magazines). In addition other artistic movements have emerged in alternative manga like the emergence of the avant-garde magazine Garo around the time of gekiga's acceptance into the mainstream manga market and the much later Nouvelle Manga movement. These movements have superseded gekiga as alternative comics in Japan.
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