Muhammad I Abu 'l-Abbas (died 856) was the fifth emir of the Aghlabids in Ifriqiya (ruled 841–856). Muhammad I was the son of the fourth emir, Abu Iqal (838–841). Under him the Aghlabids continued their expansion into the Mediterranean, conquering Taranto and Bari (841) in Apulia and Messina in Sicily (843). In 846 an Aghlabid force seized Rome and plundered the Vatican, though they were not able to hold onto Rome and Taranto and Bari soon detached themselves from the Aghlabids and submitted to the Abbasids in Baghdad. Muhammad I was succeeded by his son Ahmad ibn Muhammad (856–863).
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