Dona Isabel of Brazil (29 July 1846 - 14 November 1921) was the Empress of Brazil and third head of the Brazilian Imperial House, serving in both capacities from 1891-1921. Called the "American Victoria," Isabel was a powerful and respected monarch both in Brazil and abroad, known for modernizing and opening Brazil to the outside world and guiding the country to a position of economic preeminence in the first two decades of the 20th century. The end of her father Pedro II's reign and her era are generally regarded as Brazil's golden age - in fact, the era is known as the "Isabellan Era" to historians, a term interchangeable with a period of national pride for many Brazilians.
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