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| - The Roman Empire, sometimes rarely referred to as the Empire of the Greeks or the Greek Empire, is a state that borders the Aegean Sea and controls the majority of Greece. The Empire, as Nicaea, was one of the three survivor states of the classical Roman Empire, the other states being the Empire of Trebizond and the Despotate of Epirus, both of which faded from existence in the 15th century. The Germanic Holy Roman Empire is a claimant to the same title, but has different origins.
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| abstract
| - The Roman Empire, sometimes rarely referred to as the Empire of the Greeks or the Greek Empire, is a state that borders the Aegean Sea and controls the majority of Greece. The Empire, as Nicaea, was one of the three survivor states of the classical Roman Empire, the other states being the Empire of Trebizond and the Despotate of Epirus, both of which faded from existence in the 15th century. The Germanic Holy Roman Empire is a claimant to the same title, but has different origins. Following centuries of political, economic and cultural success, the Roman Empire went into decline. When the Arabs took Egypt and the Levant from the Empire, the Empire went into constant decline, interrupted only by occasional periods of resurgence between tensions on all borders. The Fourth Crusade in 1204 took Constantinople and signaled the virtual death knell of the Empire. Even as the Empire recovered Constantinople in 1261, the Empire continued to decline. Despite the efforts of the Palaiologos dynasty, the majority of whom were capable rulers, external factors continued to reduce the empire's territory and economy. This reversed at the turn of the 15th century, when Manuel II marshaled aid from Western Europe and successfully recaptured several important cities like Thebes, Nicomedia and Sinope. Famagusta was the greatest prize and helped to restore the Empire's rapidly declining economy. The Empire proceeded to defeat the remaining Latin states in Greece as well as expand its trade across the Aegean and Black Seas. The internal structure of the Empire was improved by the Palaiologan Reforms initiated by Manuel II's son and successor, John VIII. These reforms would be crucial for the defeat of the Latins in the Latin Revolt and the War of Albanian Independence against the Ottomans. Following the defeat of the Ottomans in the War of Albanian Independence, the Roman Empire became a rising power in Europe again. During the colonial rush for the New World the Roman Empire established colonies alongside major powers like Spain, France and Britannia. The Roman Empire continued to expand, gaining land in Africa, Europe and Asia as the remnants of the Ottomans continued to crumble and neighboring states became ripe for conquest. The Roman Empire gradually regained its place as one of the dominant nations in Europe and Asia, exercising considerable power over the Balkans, the Middle East and North Africa. As the Roman Empire grew, it also grew in terms of technology and trade, becoming one of the global powerhouses in science and commerce, backing up its already sizable military and political power. In the 20th century, the Roman Empire emerged from both the great Communist War and the World War victorious, albeit at the cost of hundreds of thousands of men. By the end of the World War, the Roman Empire was the undisputed master of the Middle East and one of the major powerhouses in Asia, along with its ally the Tartary and the Empire of Japan. The Roman Empire is a nuclear weapons state and hosts one of the largest and best equipped militaries in the world. It is a center of global trade, exercising control over the Suez Canal and all of the ports and resources of the eastern Mediterranean. It is also widely seen as the authoritative voice of Christianity in the world, holding all five cities of the traditional pentarchy, the graves of most of the original apostles and a multitude of artifacts associated with the Christian faith.
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