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| - The Julian Calendar was a calendar designed by the Alexandrian astronomer Sosigenes in 46 BC and enforced throughout the Roman Empire by Julius Caesar in 45 BC. It remained in use throughout the Western world until 1582, when inaccuracies in the Julian calendar were found to have created a lag of ten full days in the Julian calendar; for instance, the vernal equinox was marked ten days after the day which had twelve hours of sunlight and twelve hours of darkness. A revised calendar correcting this problem, the Gregorian Calendar, was proposed to and decreed by Pope Gregory XIII. The Julian Calendar was abandoned in Catholic countries but remained in use in Protestant countries for centuries. Many Eastern Orthodox countries use either the Julian calendar, or a variation.
- The Julian calendar was introduced in 46 BC by Julius Caesar and came into force in 45 BC (709 ab urbe condita). It was chosen after consultation with the astronomer Sosigenes of Alexandria and was probably designed to approximate the tropical year, known at least since Hipparchus. It has a regular year of 365 days divided into 12 months, and a leap day is added to February every four years. Hence the Julian year is on average 365.25 days long.
- The Julian Calendar was introduced in 46 BC by Julius Caesar and took force in 45 BC (709 ab urbe condita). It was developed in consultation with the Alexandrian astronomer Sosigenes and was probably designed to approximate the tropical year. It has a regular year of 365 days divided into 12 months, and a leap day is added to February every four years. Hence, the Julian Calendar's year is on average 365¼ days long.
- The Julian Calendar was a calendar designed by the Alexandrian astronomer Sosigenes in 46 BC and enforced throughout the Roman Empire by Julius Caesar in 45 BC. It remained in use throughout the Western world until 1582, when inaccuracies in the Julian calendar were found to have created a lag of ten full days in the Julian calendar; for instance, the vernal equinox was marked ten days after the day which had twelve hours of sunlight and twelve hours of darkness. A revised calendar correcting this problem, the Gregorian Calendar, was proposed to and decreed by Pope Gregory XIII. The Julian Calendar was abandoned in Catholic countries but remained in use in Protestant countries for centuries. Many Eastern Orthodox countries use either the Julian calendar or a variation, primarily for calcul
- The Julian calendar is a reform of the Roman calendar introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BC (708 AUC). It took effect the following year, 45 BC (709 AUC), and continued to be used as the civil calendar in some countries into the 20th century. The calendar has a regular year of 365 days divided into 12 months, as listed in Table of months. A leap day is added to February every four years. The Julian year is, therefore, on average 365.25 days long.
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| abstract
| - The Julian Calendar was a calendar designed by the Alexandrian astronomer Sosigenes in 46 BC and enforced throughout the Roman Empire by Julius Caesar in 45 BC. It remained in use throughout the Western world until 1582, when inaccuracies in the Julian calendar were found to have created a lag of ten full days in the Julian calendar; for instance, the vernal equinox was marked ten days after the day which had twelve hours of sunlight and twelve hours of darkness. A revised calendar correcting this problem, the Gregorian Calendar, was proposed to and decreed by Pope Gregory XIII. The Julian Calendar was abandoned in Catholic countries but remained in use in Protestant countries for centuries. Many Eastern Orthodox countries use either the Julian calendar or a variation, primarily for calculating the dates of feasts.
- The Julian calendar was introduced in 46 BC by Julius Caesar and came into force in 45 BC (709 ab urbe condita). It was chosen after consultation with the astronomer Sosigenes of Alexandria and was probably designed to approximate the tropical year, known at least since Hipparchus. It has a regular year of 365 days divided into 12 months, and a leap day is added to February every four years. Hence the Julian year is on average 365.25 days long. The notation "Old Style" (OS) is sometimes used to indicate a date in the Julian calendar, as opposed to "New Style" (NS), which indicates a date in the Gregorian calendar. This notation is used when there might otherwise be confusion about which date is found in a text. Although the Julian calendar remained in use into the 20th century in some countries and is still used by many national Orthodox churches, it has generally been replaced for civil use by the modern Gregorian calendar. Orthodox Churches no longer using the Julian calendar typically use the Revised Julian calendar rather than the Gregorian calendar. Reform was required because too many leap days are added with respect to the astronomical seasons on the Julian scheme. On average, the astronomical solstices and the equinoxes advance by about 11 minutes per year against the Julian year, causing the calendar to gain a day about every 134 years. While Hipparchus and presumably Sosigenes were aware of the discrepancy, although not of its correct value, it was evidently felt to be of little importance. However, it accumulated significantly over time, and eventually led to the reform of 1582, which replaced the Julian calendar with the more accurate Gregorian calendar.
- The Julian calendar is a reform of the Roman calendar introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BC (708 AUC). It took effect the following year, 45 BC (709 AUC), and continued to be used as the civil calendar in some countries into the 20th century. The calendar has a regular year of 365 days divided into 12 months, as listed in Table of months. A leap day is added to February every four years. The Julian year is, therefore, on average 365.25 days long. The calendar year was intended to approximate the tropical (solar) year. Although Greek astronomers had known, at least since Hipparchus, that the tropical year was a few minutes shorter than 365.25 days, the calendar did not compensate for this difference. As a result, the calendar year gained about three days every four centuries compared to observed equinox times and the seasons. This discrepancy was corrected by the Gregorian reform, introduced in 1582. The Julian calendar has been replaced by the Gregorian calendar in all countries which formerly used it as the civil calendar. Most Christian denominations have also replaced it by the Gregorian calendar as the basis for their liturgical calendars. However, most branches of the Orthodox Church still use the Julian calendar for calculating the dates of moveable feasts, including Easter (Pascha). Some Orthodox churches have adopted the Revised Julian calendar for the observance of fixed feasts, while other Orthodox churches retain the Julian calendar for all purposes. The Julian calendar is still used by the Berber people of North Africa, and on Mount Athos.
- The Julian Calendar was introduced in 46 BC by Julius Caesar and took force in 45 BC (709 ab urbe condita). It was developed in consultation with the Alexandrian astronomer Sosigenes and was probably designed to approximate the tropical year. It has a regular year of 365 days divided into 12 months, and a leap day is added to February every four years. Hence, the Julian Calendar's year is on average 365¼ days long. The Julian Calendar remained in use into the 20th century in some countries, particularly in eastern Europe, and is still used by the majority of Orthodox faithful for ecclesiastical dates. One difficulty with the Julian Calendar is that too many leap days are added with respect to the astronomical seasons. On average, the astronomical solstices and the equinoxes advance by about 11 minutes per year against the Julian Calendar year, causing the Julian Calendar to drift backwards one day about every 128 years. While Sosigenes was presumably aware of this discrepancy, although not of its correct value, it was evidently felt to be of little importance. However, it accumulated significantly over time, and eventually led to the calendrical reform of 1582, which introduced the more astronomically accurate Gregorian Calendar. The notation Old Style or (OS) is sometimes used to indicate a date in the Julian Calendar, as opposed to New Style or (NS) , which indicates a date in the Gregorian Calendar. This notation is used when there might otherwise be confusion about which date is found in a given text.
- The Julian Calendar was a calendar designed by the Alexandrian astronomer Sosigenes in 46 BC and enforced throughout the Roman Empire by Julius Caesar in 45 BC. It remained in use throughout the Western world until 1582, when inaccuracies in the Julian calendar were found to have created a lag of ten full days in the Julian calendar; for instance, the vernal equinox was marked ten days after the day which had twelve hours of sunlight and twelve hours of darkness. A revised calendar correcting this problem, the Gregorian Calendar, was proposed to and decreed by Pope Gregory XIII. The Julian Calendar was abandoned in Catholic countries but remained in use in Protestant countries for centuries. Many Eastern Orthodox countries use either the Julian calendar, or a variation.
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