About: Chełmno extermination camp   Sponge Permalink

An Entity of Type : dbkwik:resource/iWhpNHPc26MwuDYA-ppJ0w==, within Data Space : 134.155.108.49:8890 associated with source dataset(s)

Chełmno extermination camp, known by the Germans as the Kulmhof concentration camp, was a Nazi German extermination camp situated 50 kilometres (31 mi) from Łódź, near a small Polish village called Chełmno nad Nerem (Kulmhof an der Nehr in German). After Germany invaded Poland in 1939, it annexed the area as part of the territory of Reichsgau Wartheland. The camp operated in two periods, from to during Aktion Reinhard (the most deadly phase of the Holocaust), and from to during the Soviet counter-offensive. It was specifically built to exterminate most of the Polish Jews of the Łódź Ghetto and the local Polish inhabitants of Reichsgau Wartheland (Warthegau). In between these two periods, modifications were made to the camp's killing methods, as the main part of the camp was dismantled in 1

AttributesValues
rdf:type
rdfs:label
  • Chełmno extermination camp
rdfs:comment
  • Chełmno extermination camp, known by the Germans as the Kulmhof concentration camp, was a Nazi German extermination camp situated 50 kilometres (31 mi) from Łódź, near a small Polish village called Chełmno nad Nerem (Kulmhof an der Nehr in German). After Germany invaded Poland in 1939, it annexed the area as part of the territory of Reichsgau Wartheland. The camp operated in two periods, from to during Aktion Reinhard (the most deadly phase of the Holocaust), and from to during the Soviet counter-offensive. It was specifically built to exterminate most of the Polish Jews of the Łódź Ghetto and the local Polish inhabitants of Reichsgau Wartheland (Warthegau). In between these two periods, modifications were made to the camp's killing methods, as the main part of the camp was dismantled in 1
sameAs
dcterms:subject
dbkwik:military/pr...iPageUsesTemplate
Name
  • Chełmno
Type
  • Extermination camp
Caption
  • Monument to victims of Nazi extermination camp Kulmhof in occupied Poland, unveiled in 1990 at the site of the camp
killed
  • est. 152,000–340,000
original use
  • Death
gas chambers
  • 3(xsd:integer)
in operation
  • --12-08
liberated by
  • --01-20
commanded by
Known For
  • Genocide during the Holocaust
prisoner type
  • mainly Jews
notable inmates
Location
  • Near Chełmno nad Nerem, General Government
abstract
  • Chełmno extermination camp, known by the Germans as the Kulmhof concentration camp, was a Nazi German extermination camp situated 50 kilometres (31 mi) from Łódź, near a small Polish village called Chełmno nad Nerem (Kulmhof an der Nehr in German). After Germany invaded Poland in 1939, it annexed the area as part of the territory of Reichsgau Wartheland. The camp operated in two periods, from to during Aktion Reinhard (the most deadly phase of the Holocaust), and from to during the Soviet counter-offensive. It was specifically built to exterminate most of the Polish Jews of the Łódź Ghetto and the local Polish inhabitants of Reichsgau Wartheland (Warthegau). In between these two periods, modifications were made to the camp's killing methods, as the main part of the camp was dismantled in 1943. At least 152,000 people (Bohn) were killed in the camp. Due to German efforts to destroy their wartime records, the estimates in the early postwar period based on a statistical approach also ought to be taken into consideration; these include a total of 340,000 victims estimated by GKBZNwP. The murdered were chiefly Polish Jews from the Łódź Ghetto and the surrounding area, along with Romani from Greater Poland. But, during this period, Jews from Hungary, Bohemia, Moravia, Germany, Luxemburg, and Austria were also transported to Chelmno via the Łódź Ghetto, and Soviet prisoners of war were killed there. The camp killed most of the victims by the use of gas vans. The camp was a center for early experimentation and development of methods of mass murder, some of which were applied in later phases of the Holocaust. Sources vary, but in total, they suggest that only four Jewish males had survived the Chełmno extermination camp by war's end; one was fifteen years old. The Holocaust Encyclopedia notes that seven escaped from work details during the 1940s; among them was Yakov Grojanowski, who documented the camp's operations in his Grojanowski Report. But he was later captured and killed at another death camp before war's end. In June 1945 two survivors testified at a trial of captured camp personnel in Łódź, Poland. The three best-known survivors testified about their Chełmno experiences at the 1961 trial of Adolf Eichmann in Jerusalem. Two also testified at the Chełmno Trials, conducted from 1962-1965 in West Germany.
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