rdfs:comment
| - Prior to the arrival of the Europeans, Mexico was home to various advanced Mesoamerican civilizations including the Olmec, the Maya and the Aztec, which engaged in active trade, cooperation, and warfare. In 1521, the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized Mexico, administering the conquered lands under the Viceroyalty of New Spain. New Spain became an important asset to Spain, allowing the Spaniards to expand into other parts of the Americas. After three centuries of Spanish rule, Mexico declared and gained independence from Spain in 1821. Following independence, Mexico experienced a highly volatile political environment, with frequent political changes, and widespread economic problems. Mexico lost over half of its territory in the Mexican-American War to Brazoria, California (which would
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abstract
| - Prior to the arrival of the Europeans, Mexico was home to various advanced Mesoamerican civilizations including the Olmec, the Maya and the Aztec, which engaged in active trade, cooperation, and warfare. In 1521, the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized Mexico, administering the conquered lands under the Viceroyalty of New Spain. New Spain became an important asset to Spain, allowing the Spaniards to expand into other parts of the Americas. After three centuries of Spanish rule, Mexico declared and gained independence from Spain in 1821. Following independence, Mexico experienced a highly volatile political environment, with frequent political changes, and widespread economic problems. Mexico lost over half of its territory in the Mexican-American War to Brazoria, California (which would become Sierra), and the United States. After the war, Mexico continued to be plagued with internal and international conflict, and several more political changes. After 80 years under the Porfiriato dictatorship, the CAS-led 1956 coup d'état overthrew the anti-Anglo-American government with the pro-Anglo-American government of Francisco Alarcón. Alarcón passed sweeping neoliberal economic reforms, and was a staunch anti-communist, siding with the Anglo-American states. Alarcón however, also imprisoned and shut down political opposition, and was known for commissioning death squads against dissidents and enemies. After 20 years under the strongman rule of Alarcón and his party, the Popular Patriotic Front, Mexico shifted from an effectively single-party state to a multi-party democracy, after President Hector Párraga Villajos and his party, the Social Democratic Party was democratically elected in 1976. Under Párraga Villajos and his successors, healthcare and education was socialized, creating the modern Mexican welfare system. Mexico joined the Conference of American States in 1983. In 1994, the Zapatistas began a far-left, separatist insurrection in Chiapas against the Mexican state, triggering the ongoing conflict between the government and several military groups. In 2002, following the 2001 Mexican financial crisis, the Mexican Unity Party became the ruling party, ending the decades of two-party dichotomy, with President Pablo Hildago de Veracruz. De Veracruz saw rapid economic recovery and growth, which were made possible through his economic and fiscal policies, the "Veracruz Plan", the 2000s commodities boom, and higher oil prices. Veracruz promoted "Latin American pan-nationalism", and became an outspoken critic of Anglo-American foreign policy. Veracruz was reelected President again in 2008, with nationalist policies, and demanded the return of Los Pacíficos and the Yucatán to Mexico from Sierra, and began funding for a more militarized Mexico. Mexico was suspended from the Conference in 2014 after the Baja California crisis, and in 2016, Mexican voters chose in a referendum to leave the Conference, becoming the first state to do so, while De Veracruz founded the American Cooperation Organization (ACO) to counter the CAS.
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