After the collapse of the short-lived puppet government of the United Baltic Duchy and the withdrawal of German troops in November 1918, an Estonian Provisional Government retook office. A military invasion by the Red Army followed a few days later, however, marking the beginning of the Estonian War of Independence (1918–1920). The joint Scandinavian–Estonian forces successfully retreated the Red Army back to Soviet Russia by February 1919.
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rdfs:label
| - Estonia (Cherry, Plum, and Chrysanthemum)
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rdfs:comment
| - After the collapse of the short-lived puppet government of the United Baltic Duchy and the withdrawal of German troops in November 1918, an Estonian Provisional Government retook office. A military invasion by the Red Army followed a few days later, however, marking the beginning of the Estonian War of Independence (1918–1920). The joint Scandinavian–Estonian forces successfully retreated the Red Army back to Soviet Russia by February 1919.
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CoA
| - Coat of arms of Estonia.svg
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Timeline
| - Cherry, Plum, and Chrysanthemum
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regime
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Religion
| - Lutheranism; Irreligion; Orthodox Christianity
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Flag
| - Estonian alternative flag proposal.svg
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summer time
| - Eastern European Summer Time
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abstract
| - After the collapse of the short-lived puppet government of the United Baltic Duchy and the withdrawal of German troops in November 1918, an Estonian Provisional Government retook office. A military invasion by the Red Army followed a few days later, however, marking the beginning of the Estonian War of Independence (1918–1920). The joint Scandinavian–Estonian forces successfully retreated the Red Army back to Soviet Russia by February 1919. Independent Estonia then underwent a number of economic, social, and political reforms necessary to come to terms with its new status as a sovereign state. Economically and socially, land reform in 1919 was the most important step. Large estate holdings belonging to the Baltic nobility were redistributed among the peasants and especially among volunteers in the war of independence. Estonia's principal markets became Scandinavia, the United Kingdom, and western Europe, with some exports to the United States and to the Soviet Union. A mass anticommunist and anti-parliamentary Vaps Movement emerged in the 1930s. Head of State Konstantin Päts then carried out a pre-emptive self-coup on March 12, 1934. State of emergency was declared and the Vaps Movement was disbanded, starting the "Era of Silence". During the Era of Silence, political parties were banned and the parliament was not in session between 1934 and 1938 as the country was ruled by decree from Konstantin Päts. It was also easier for the government to pass reforms, since there was no longer an organized opposition. The economy grew and the infrastructure, industry and education were developed by Päts's regime.
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