About: James Callaghan (Election '78)   Sponge Permalink

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James Callaghan was a British Labour politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1976 - 1981). Callaghan is the only British politician in history to serve in all four of the great offices of state, Chancellor (1964 - 1967), Home Secretary (1967 - 1970) and Foreign Secretary (1974 - 1976). Callaghan subsequently called a snap general election in October 1978, which saw labour returned with a small majority.

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  • James Callaghan (Election '78)
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  • James Callaghan was a British Labour politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1976 - 1981). Callaghan is the only British politician in history to serve in all four of the great offices of state, Chancellor (1964 - 1967), Home Secretary (1967 - 1970) and Foreign Secretary (1974 - 1976). Callaghan subsequently called a snap general election in October 1978, which saw labour returned with a small majority.
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  • James Callaghan was a British Labour politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1976 - 1981). Callaghan is the only British politician in history to serve in all four of the great offices of state, Chancellor (1964 - 1967), Home Secretary (1967 - 1970) and Foreign Secretary (1974 - 1976). When Harold Wilson suddenly resigned in March 1976, Callaghan won the leadership election to succeed him. Labour had already lost its majority in the commons by the time he became Prime Minister, and further by-election defeats and defections forced Callaghan to negotiate with other parties. From March 1977 until September 1978 Callaghan remained in office due to a Lib-Lab pact with the liberals, whereby the liberal party granted the government confidence and supply in exchange for policy concessions. The agreement initially seemed fruitful, but disagreements between the two parties eventually brought the pact to an end. Callaghan subsequently called a snap general election in October 1978, which saw labour returned with a small majority. The March 1979 scottish devolution referendum was narrowly approved, but not by the designated 40% of scots. The ensuing crisis caused the SNP to table a motion of no confidence, which was defeated. However the political climate in Scotland was heavily in favour of a Scottish assembly, and an amended Scotland Bill was passed through parliament in the spring of 1981, with the first Scottish Assembly election being held in May 1981. He also reformed the trade union movement, introducing the Hand in Hand policy of encouraging trade union representatives on company boards as well as the requirement of a ballot before a nationwide strike, the policy has been credited with avoiding further trade union discontent through the 1980's. In October 1981 Callaghan resigned the premiership, saying it was time for a younger man to take the office. He stood down from parliament at the 1987 general election, but remained a prominent Labour elder statesman until his death.
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