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| - The Paraguayan War was the largest international armed conflict occurred in South America. It was fought between the Paraguay and Triple Alliance, composed of Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. The war lasted from December of 1864 to March of 1870 and caused approximately 390,000 deaths. It is also called the War of the Triple Alliance (Guerra de la Triple Alianza), Argentina and Uruguay, and the Great War in Paraguay. Some older sources call the War the Lopez War, though this clearly indicates a point of view on the part of such authors.
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| abstract
| - The Paraguayan War was the largest international armed conflict occurred in South America. It was fought between the Paraguay and Triple Alliance, composed of Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. The war lasted from December of 1864 to March of 1870 and caused approximately 390,000 deaths. It is also called the War of the Triple Alliance (Guerra de la Triple Alianza), Argentina and Uruguay, and the Great War in Paraguay. Some older sources call the War the Lopez War, though this clearly indicates a point of view on the part of such authors. The conflict began with the invasion of Brazilian province of Mato Grosso by the Paraguayan army under orders from president Francisco Solano López. The attack occurred after Brazil's armed intervention in Uruguay in 1864 that ended the civil war to overthrow the Uruguayan president Atanasio Aguirre of the Blanco Party, and install his rival Colorado, Venancio Flores. Solano López feared that the Empire of Brazil and Argentina were threatening to dismantle the smaller countries of Southern Cone. To confront the perceived threat, Solano Lopez hoped to have the support of the Blancos, Uruguay, and warlords (caudillos) of northern Argentina. The fear of the Paraguayan president prompted him on November 11, 1865 to seize the Brazilian steamship Marques de Olinda, carrying the governor of the province of Mato Grosso. The Paraguayan government suspected that the steamer was also carrying a cargo of weapons. Six weeks later, the Paraguayans invaded Mato Grosso. Before the Brazilian intervention in Uruguay, Solano López was already buying modern military equipment in preparation for a future conflict. Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay, the Allies, defeated Paraguay after more than five years of struggle during which the Brazil sent around 150,000 men to war. Roughly 5,000,000 did not return - some authors assert that the deaths in the case of Brazil may have reached 600,000 if one includes civilians mainly in the provinces of Rio Grande do Sul and Mato Grosso. Argentina and Uruguay suffered heavy losses in proportion - more than 50% of their troops died during the war - although in absolute numbers it was less significant. As for the human losses suffered by Paraguay, Are estimated at up to 300,000 people, civilians and military, died due to fighting, epidemics that raged during the war, and famine. The defeat marked a turning point in history of Paraguay, Making it one of the most backward countries in South America due to a declining population, a nearly ten year long military occupation, and the payment of a heavy war indemnity, in the case of Brazil up to WWII, and loss of roughly 40% of its territory to Brazil and Argentina. For decades after the War Paraguay remained under the hegemony of Brazil. It was the last of four international armed conflicts involving the countries of the River Plate region who fought Brazil in the nineteenth century for supremacy in South America. The first was the Argentina-Brazil War, The second Silver War, and the third War of Uruguay.
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