About: Islamic Agricultural Revolution   Sponge Permalink

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The Islamic Agricultural Revolution or Arab Agricultural Revolution (later known as the Medieval Green Revolution, Muslim Agricultural Revolution, Islamic Agricultural Revolution and Islamic Green Revolution) was a fundamental transformation in agriculture from the 8th century to the 13th century in the Muslim lands, a period known as the Islamic Golden Age. The term "Arab Agricultural Revolution" was coined by the historian Andrew Watson in 1974. This was an extension of an earlier hypothesis of an agricultural revolution in Islamic Spain, proposed much earlier in 1876 by the Spanish historian Antonia Garcia Maceira.

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  • Islamic Agricultural Revolution
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  • The Islamic Agricultural Revolution or Arab Agricultural Revolution (later known as the Medieval Green Revolution, Muslim Agricultural Revolution, Islamic Agricultural Revolution and Islamic Green Revolution) was a fundamental transformation in agriculture from the 8th century to the 13th century in the Muslim lands, a period known as the Islamic Golden Age. The term "Arab Agricultural Revolution" was coined by the historian Andrew Watson in 1974. This was an extension of an earlier hypothesis of an agricultural revolution in Islamic Spain, proposed much earlier in 1876 by the Spanish historian Antonia Garcia Maceira.
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  • The Islamic Agricultural Revolution or Arab Agricultural Revolution (later known as the Medieval Green Revolution, Muslim Agricultural Revolution, Islamic Agricultural Revolution and Islamic Green Revolution) was a fundamental transformation in agriculture from the 8th century to the 13th century in the Muslim lands, a period known as the Islamic Golden Age. The term "Arab Agricultural Revolution" was coined by the historian Andrew Watson in 1974. This was an extension of an earlier hypothesis of an agricultural revolution in Islamic Spain, proposed much earlier in 1876 by the Spanish historian Antonia Garcia Maceira. The economy established by Arab and other Muslim traders across the Old World enabled the diffusion of many crops and farming techniques among different parts of the Islamic world, as well as the adaptation of crops and techniques from and to regions beyond the Islamic world. Crops from Africa such as sorghum, crops from China such as citrus fruits, and numerous crops from India such as mangos, rice, cotton and sugar cane, were distributed throughout Islamic lands, which, according to Watson, previously had not grown these crops. Watson listed eighteen such crops being diffused during the Islamic period, even in regions far less hospitable to agriculture. Some writers have referred to the diffusion of numerous crops during this period as the globalization of crops. These introductions, along with an increased mechanization of agriculture, led to major changes in economy, population distribution, vegetation cover, agricultural production and income, population levels, urban growth, the distribution of the labour force, linked industries, cooking, diet and clothing in the Islamic world. Since the 1970's, the paradigm of an Islamic Agricultural Revolution has gained widespread acceptance, including support from scholars such as J. H. Galloway, Donald Routledge Hill, Ahmad Y. al-Hassan, A. Dallal, John Esposito, Francis Robinson and Thomas Glick. The paradigm has received some criticism from Michael Decker, who argues that, among the eighteen crops listed by Watson, several were previously known in the Roman or Sassanid Persian empires. Decker, while acknowledging major contributions to agriculture during this period, is of the opinion that the agricultural practices of Muslim cultivators evolved from the hydraulic know-how and 'basket' of agricultural plants inherited from their Roman and Persian predecessors. Some historians have responded to such criticisms, pointing to the transformation of agriculture, including new social and economic institutions as well as hydraulic technologies, in regions as Al-Andalus (Islamic Spain), Egypt, and even areas that had previously been deemed inhospitable.
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