abstract
| - Aryan (from Sanskrit ārya ('Noble')) is a somewhat dated term used to refer to the indo-european peoples, an ethnic group that at some point expanded from - likely - the pontic-caspian steppe into Anatolia, Europe and the Indian subcontinent, bringing with them the Horse and Chariot. These migrations brought with them great upheaval in the ancient world - replacing the Dravidian peoples of the Indus Valley Civlization and superimposing an aryan leading caste, destroying the cultures and languages of old Europe and creating an age of strife, forming the Hittite empire that would be a constant thorn in the side of ancient Egypt. It can be assumed that the Aryans had a distinct appearance, but they were clearly not the blonde, blue-eyed, tall, muscular "super-men" they were made out to be in early 20th-century German racist ideology and especially Hitlerism - these traits were limited to the "Nordic" or "Germanic" type, which developed much later from the population of Europe after the arrival of the Aryans. Yet, it is likely that the Aryans were of lighter skin-color than the majority of people they encountered outside of Europe. The Aryan society is patriarchal and the double-headed axe is an important cultural symbol. They are shown to be taller, but not substantially so, than the natives of western Laurasia, brave warriors, strong, upright, with fair skin, yet tanned from the sun and the wind on the plains, with brown hair and eyes ranging from hazel to green. Their clothing is simpler than that of the settled people, for they often dress in furs and adorn themselves with necklaces of bones, but metallurgy is known and practiced among them. Unlike others that came after them, they do not greatly love to use the bow in warfare, but instead fight man-to-man. Of weapons, they prefer swords, spears and greatly the axe. The Aryan society is depicted in its descriptions as practicing nomadic pastoralism, travelling with large herds on large wains pulled by beasts of burden. On these wagons, there were "tents and houses" built, in which the Aryans lived and travelled. Besides these large wagons, which were, when large groups were camping, were arranged in wagon-fort formation, smaller chariots, pulled by stout, but swift horses, were also in use by their chieftains. Besides horses, the Aryans are shown to use a variety of other, often anachronistic, animals as beasts of burden or pets, including woolly rhinos, sabertooth tigers and overly-large sheep and oxen.
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