abstract
| - Hungary, officially the Kingdom of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyar Királyság) was a sovereign state in Central Europe, established in 1920 after the fall of the Hungarian Soviet Republic. It is a landlocked country situated in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, sharing borders with Nazi Germany to the west and north, Romania to the east and Croatia and the Military Administration in Serbia to the south. Hungary is a member of the Anti-Comintern Pact, and one of the closest allies of Nazi Germany. It was a de facto regency state under Regent Miklós Horthy officially representing the abdicated Hungarian monarchy. Attempts by Charles IV King of Hungary to return to the throne were prevented by threats of war from neighbouring countries, and by lack of support from Horthy. Hungary participated in the invasion of Czechoslovakia in October 1938 on the side of Nazi Germany, and following the conquest of Czechoslovakia in March 1939, Hungary annexed the territories of Slovakia and Carpatho Ruthenia. In 1941 they demanded the concession of Transylvanian territory from Romania. German Führer Adolf Hitler and the Nazi regime helped Hungary receive significant portions of Transylvania while avoiding a war with Romania. However, Hitler demanded that the Hungarian government follow Germany’s military and racial agenda in order to avoid potential conflict in the future. Anti-Semitism was already an established political cause by the far-right in Hungary and the Hungarian government aided Nazi Germany in the deportation of Jews to concentration camps during the Holocaust. Hungary joined Germany, Italy and Bulgaria in their invasion of Yugoslavia in 1941. Hungary was allowed to annex the Bačka (Bácska) region in Vojvodina with Hungarian relative majority, as well as the regions of Prekmurje and Medjimurje that had a large Slovenian and Croatian majority respectively. Other ambitions such as those on Croatia were halted by the creation of the Independent State of Croatia and Nazi Germany’s alliance with Romania against the Soviet Union. In 1942 the Hungarians participated in the Invasion of the Soviet Union (Operation Barbarossa) as part of the Anti-Comintern Pact's invasion force. The participating units totalled the third largest contingent, only behind Nazi Germany and Romania.
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