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| - 1840’s(1087+) Fountain pens start becoming widely available for everyday civilian use with developments in tero tubing and improvements in ink flow, refilling mechanisms and pen heads. 1845(1093) saw the first commercial production of Quinine but it was still prohibitively expensive. 1847(1094) Tolesculae are invented in an Italia ADA. Their larger surface contact areas and smaller clearances make them more compact than regular ball bearings. In 1848(1095) Kaeso Antonius Dominicus of a Gaul ADA designed rifa/pilium bullets with an oblong shape, making their range and stability impressively better. In 1849(1096) rifa were readmitted to legionary issuance following improvements to rifonis techniques. General issue rifa now had ranges nearing 600 gradus (444m). In 1850-6(1097-1103) the southern part of Africa was explored. The Quinine drug reduced the fatality rates from 75% to 5%. This exploration was privately funded by Gaius Blandius Fructosis. He received imperial fame for his being the first successful exploration of the area without total death. Also this year, the development of replaceable and interchangeable parts for rifa and pilium make their manufacture, maintenance, and repair far cheaper. These principles would eventually be applied in just about all industries. In 1851(1098) It was found that Palm oil, cheap slaves, and other exotic tradable goods were plentiful along the villages of the River Niger. Roman diplomats talked the native leaders into allowing Roman vaporemes to chug up their river for trading purposes. There was still much scrambling about in the Slavic states. In 1853(1100) the Caesarean governor of Britannia Inf., Quintus Taurius, already a very corrupt individual, raised taxes and harshend punishments in the province after several assassination attempts. This was not taken well by either citizens or slaves and in June the two groups led separate revolts demanding both more representation in their provincial government and his removal, the consecutive droughts and floods in the province also fueled their anger. Taurius was not slow to deploy troops but he had been diverting funds for the Imperial-provincial army for for personal uses and the legions had a hard time stopping the rebels, especially since many had access to pilium. This started a similar revolt in Hibernia in September. The Senate could plainly see that Taurius was a very terrible governor and not educated enough in running a province. Still being an imperial rather than a Senatorial province, the Senators requested that Emperor Vibrius Carbus [appointed 1845(1092)] relieve his son-in-law and assign more competent governors to provinces under his jurisdiction. Also this year, water proof (by using cow fat) paper cartridges to hold bullets and their metal percussion caps were invented, by the rebels in Britannia no less. This gave them a greater advantage in the rain soaked lands. Again also, this year the Collum Longusa Testudo of Madagascar was known to have become extinct. This along with the extinction of lions and tigers led to biologists first recognising that Humans could cause the extinction of species. 1854(1101) Quinine came into general use in Africa but was still very expensive. Also this year, a canal between the Mare Imbrium and Mare Erythraeum through the Sinai Peninsula was started, it was finished by 1865(1112), and called Canalis Petraea. Again also, the rebellions in Hibernia and Britannia are ended and slight provincial reforms are made in those provinces. The rebel's use of paper cartridges was soon spread to legionary use. 1857(1104) the Roman traders on the Niger request for a special route of merchant steamship routes directly from Roman ports to Niger trading posts in order to circumvent expensive native middlemen. This was granted in a matter of months. This also ruined the local traders. Also, this year, the Indian legions begin receiving paper cartridge pilium ammunition. Since adipatus, the lubricant for the cartridges is rendered from cattle, and India’s vast population was Hindu, there was a huge mutiny of the Indian majority Legions. The military uprising in India caused damage throughout the provinces, even the smoggy capital Yudupisa was temporarily seized. Again also, the Senate and Caesar Carbus (in his last act as Caesar) formed the Magastratus Arma. A department of generals, tacticians, and secretaries to organize the logistics of Roman war and also serve to better regulate military leaders. When in 1858-9(1105-6) Blandius Fructosis explored along the River Zambezi and again returned safely with native slaves, goods, and maps; he was given the Praenomen Leo. He would continue exploring Africa for the rest of his life. In 1859(1106) the ruined Nigerian traders began attacking the Roman trade ships, destroying three of the five in the annual convoys. In 1860(1107) The Indian mutiny was put down. India stabilized after much decimating demonstrations to the rebels(killing 1/10 of suspects in a line up), the shake up opened a lot of slots for Indians of other classes of life to join the army. The local government was rearranged for more direct imperial control (despite being an imperial province India's distance had made its greater autonomy a must for smooth operation). Taxes and trade quotas were increased but the people (thankfully) tolerated the changes. In 1861(1108) The Nigerian traders again strike Roman traders, in response Vaporemes are sent up the River Niger. They locate the villages harbouring the attackers and destroy them, the villages. This actually increased hostilities and Roman merchants had to start arming their outposts and hiring mercenaries, Rome even subsidized some of these defensive actions, Imperial Vaporemes began patrolling the River Niger and obliterated any native attackers with canna and pilium. Also this year an Italia ADA developed the telescopium, the first distance viewing viewer with the capacity to greatly magnify the stars. The first models could only view 3x but soon there were maximums of 32x. This led to the detailed viewing of craters on Luna, three Jovial moons (Virtus, Stata Mater, and Empanda) and contributed facts to the theory that all the planets and celestial bodies orbited the sun. 1862(1109) Quinine became cheap enough that all Roman expeditions and outposts in Africa could afford an ample supply. Galatia Senatoriaship referendum, Galatia joined Senate. Also in 1862 the Microscopium was developed, and the first Xylola were observed. The Heians, still in power at their capital of Cynoto in aimed most of their offensive expansions against the failing Tang Empire but even though the emperor Zhu could not reclaim the far west, he had little trouble fending off the Nihonian invasions from the east. Nihonia would not be dissuaded from their hopeless invasions for almost 20 years. 1863(1110) Rome funds its Vaporemes patrolling the Niger to also explore the entirety of the river. The ships that were chosen to go had physicians on board, the most healthy and athletic crews, and had vents throughout the ships to keep stagnant air low and reduce risk of disease. In 1865(1112) Zhu Chao’s son Yougui murdered him and then a year later Yougui’s brother Youzhen killed him. Youzhen ruled until 1876(1123), by then Sinica was as fractious as Nihonia had been and most of southern Sinica was lost by his dynasty. This chaos caused much trouble in India, trade was cut to nearly nothing, Sinican military assistance in keeping the people protected and under control either withdrew or simply abandoned. This kept Rome very busy and reduced profits quite a bit. The many ‘emperors’ of the many Sinicas changed very rapidly and hampered the nation’s reunification. 1866(1113) The distant planet Poseidon(Neptune) was discovered in one of the increasingly numerous astronomical observatories. Quintus Amatius Tremerus of a Scanatan ADA developed both the Breechlock and brass cartridge. The breechlock made it possible to reload a weapon while lying down and the lock kept the explosive gases from escaping at the barrel’s base. Pilacohors and rifacohors (riflemen) were no longer signed after hundreds of rounds of fire from their own guns. The brass cartridge replaced the paper cartridges, making bullets almost completely weather proof, they also kept the explosive gases completely under control and made Indian legionaries less mutinous with cow fat no longer being used. Bullets could be made more form fitting now that there was no worry of the niter explosion backing up and destroying the gun. This made range and accuracy even greater. In 1867(1114) A bolt-action repeating rifle with a round magazine was developed in Terranova. It fired about 7x faster than most pilium. 1869(1116) legionary issued rifa now had ranges up to 1200 gradis (888m). Having forgotten about the calendar update, the ADA heads had to remind the Senate that they really had to get going on this. The preparations were hasty and when 1870 came and the week was skipped there were still many people and organisations uninformed and now confused. It took several months before the slight chaos was finally corrected. Years following, the old calendar dates would cause trouble but they were dealt with as they revealed themselves. In 1873(1120) a measuring stick with a sliding rule capable of rudimentary multiplication processes was developed using Roman numerals. This was made easier with the idea of shorthand numbering. Instead of 1873 being MDCCCLXXIII, it is written Image:Shorthand1873.jpg It's not a whole lot shorter, but it’s a popular intermediate step. With Indic numerals the numbering system of science and math, in 1876(1123) a mechanical analogue calculating machine based on Indic numbers was developed in Hispania. Also this year, Teoma Caprenius Calvinus of a Britannia Inf. ADA, using only the basic laws of thermodynamics, precisely calculated the true value of the Primum Frigidum at -546.3 Galerii 1875(1122) hotter and better ventilated furnaces came into use in the Roman world. They had the ability to make purer and better tempered/hardened steel. Newer production methods for these better metals reduced costs to 25%. In 1878(1125) Air brakes for the Vaposcurr were developed, they helped greatly with emergency braking. 1879(1126) Box cartridges holding bullets in long strings to be fed into automatic rifa are developed. They do not make an immediate impact though since they are cumbersome and still jam easily. 1880’s(1127+) Ever since the Sinican Empire’s fall, Rome had attempted to help restore order, partly because it was a shame for such a great people to have been brought so low, partly because trade between India and the Orientum (Orient) just wasn’t what it used to be (India was in perpetual recession and dissatisfaction was rising), and mostly because Rome wanted a better counter weight to the Nihonians in the east. Things like vaporeme/scurr designs; successful government policies; Roman engineers and bureaucrats; and loans were given to the nearest Sinican faction. By the 80’s the southern part of Sinica had become the most powerful of all the Sinican states and they began expanding to retrieve all that had been lost. The dynasty in the south was called the Nanchao and they had an interesting mix of Sinican and Roman culture, especially their combination of Buddhism and Roman deities. After the Tang’s fall the Nanchao’s regions had clung to imperial India to avoid the total collapse of order. 1880(1127) In Italia, the restaurant Jechias began using what it called trabs turbinis, a raised circular plate at the centre of large tables, rotating to bring food or condiments to the other sides of the table. This device begins finding use in other restaurants and in home use. Eventually an in-corner-cabinet design also develops, initially in Britannia. In 1881(1128), to try to limit Nihonia’s increasing domination of the Cinchona bark industry, Rome began plantations in India. Prices fell, but Nihonia still had a firm grasp of 90% of the industry. Indian Cinchona was cheapest and helped India's economy but not as Quinine rich. Also this year, a procedure for correcting the deviation of the Index from the metal in ships was perfected, making navigation less confusing at times. This exasperated the Commonwealth’s internal political tensions and brought about the start of a massive secessionist war by the southern regions in 1884(1131). In response to this destabilizing of manipulation, the skillful Nihonian spies began ploying with the Totonic kingdom, further south. The Nihonians also began making invasions on the Inka Kingdom in Southern Terranova now that just about all natural resources (but for the still plentiful gold) are reproducible elsewhere much more cheaply. Rome had considered invading the Inka but it was deemed too costly to either hazard traveling the River Amazonius for weeks under native attrition or to sail all around the continent to land a force. Again also, In Ægyptus, psychiatrists led by Amsuus Albus studying seniors identify the first case of Arrotia Amsuus. It is a degenerative and terminal case of dementia which appears to actually be its most common form. In 1884(1128), the Vernius scale is invented, it is the most precise measurer of digits and palms to date but it uses Indian numbers, so is used mostly only in ADA machine shops. Also, the constant metal hulled Vaporeme patrols of the River Niger had by now devastated native villages all over the river’s shores. Again also, Decimus Vedius Maximus, an independent inventor puts a heavy automatic rifa and box cartridge together to make a ‘mechanator pilium’ capable of firing 11 bullets a second. In 1885(1132) Setus Caristanius Lepidus from Gaul developed nitrocellulose. Mixing this with niter made niter effectively smokeless. This development was quickly applied in munitions to make rifa and piliumcohors less visible on the field. Image:Senatorial1885 1132.png
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