abstract
| - In the wake of the ineffectuality of centralised government and the lack of economic governance, local landlords and even peasants and monks have begun to take up arms for the defence of their homes or the extension of their influence. Shōen Retainers are people from all walks of life — military men, militia, and even vagabonds and undesirables — who have been lured with the promise of an iron rice bowl to join in the struggles of an increasingly feudalised society where the production of food and the means to do so is all that matters. As such, Shōen Retainers have one bizarre trait — whereas Russian heavy infantry may sacrifice food consumption at the cost of metal efficiency, here it is quite the opposite: Shoen Retainers cost little in metal, their ramp mostly in the form of food. If combined with Japan's Suicide Soldiers, these units can be quite an unspeakable force: the savings of food from Suicide Soldiers can be used to salary the Shōen, which, with a metal discount, will be relatively cheaper than the heavy infantry of other nations, such as those of Mongolia or France, thus providing a perfect defensive infantry force to survive the early-game Peasant Levy marauding that is bound to take place. On the other hand, given Japan's ability to generate free Shōen Retainers with each new barracks built, these heavy infantry units can be used on a banzai rush against your opponent themselves! Towards the end of the Heian period, the growing decentralised nature of Japan due to bureaucratic incompetence saw the rise of the military class, now collectively labelled as the "men at arms", or bushi. For the next six hundred years, the bushi became the mainstay of provincial and local power holders, and even civil and religious institutions had independent control of their own private bushi to protect themselves. By the Kamakura period, all power in Japan was in the hands of military leaders and their bushi, who were becoming increasingly more powerful, tactics-wise and politics-wise, and it was these men who would eventually form the class of warriors known as saburai.
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