About: Mar Yaballaha III   Sponge Permalink

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Markos was born near Beijing (Khanbaliq, or Taitu), but his ethnic ancestry is not entirely clear. According to the Ecclesiastical Chronicle of Bar-Hebraeus he was of Turkish Uyghur descent. He was also referred to as 'Yaballaha the Turk' in the colophon to an East Syrian manuscript of 1301. On the other hand, the History of Mar Yaballaha III names the place of his birth as Koshang, thus perhaps suggesting that he was an Ongud from the Christian tribe's homeland in Inner Mongolia near Shanxi.

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  • Mar Yaballaha III
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  • Markos was born near Beijing (Khanbaliq, or Taitu), but his ethnic ancestry is not entirely clear. According to the Ecclesiastical Chronicle of Bar-Hebraeus he was of Turkish Uyghur descent. He was also referred to as 'Yaballaha the Turk' in the colophon to an East Syrian manuscript of 1301. On the other hand, the History of Mar Yaballaha III names the place of his birth as Koshang, thus perhaps suggesting that he was an Ongud from the Christian tribe's homeland in Inner Mongolia near Shanxi.
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abstract
  • Markos was born near Beijing (Khanbaliq, or Taitu), but his ethnic ancestry is not entirely clear. According to the Ecclesiastical Chronicle of Bar-Hebraeus he was of Turkish Uyghur descent. He was also referred to as 'Yaballaha the Turk' in the colophon to an East Syrian manuscript of 1301. On the other hand, the History of Mar Yaballaha III names the place of his birth as Koshang, thus perhaps suggesting that he was an Ongud from the Christian tribe's homeland in Inner Mongolia near Shanxi. He was consecrated as a monk, and became a student of Rabban Bar Sauma, another Uyghur or Ongud monk. In the mid-1200s, they decided to make a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. Due to military conflict in Syria, they never arrived at their destination, but did meet with the church leaders in the Mongol Ilkhanate, in Baghdad. There, the Patriarch Mar Denha I sent the two monks on a mission to the court of the Mongol khan Abaqa, to obtain confirmation for Mar Denha's title. Along the way, Markos was appointed Metropolitan Bishop of China. The monks then intended to return to China, but their departure was again delayed by armed conflict. When the Patriarch died, the bishops elected Markos as the new Patriarch in 1281, and he took the name Mar Yaballaha III ("God Gave Him"). It was extremely rare for an outsider to become patriarch, and Bar Hebraeus claims that Markos was elected because of his supposed influence with the Mongols. In the event, hopes that Yaballaha III might be able to influence Mongol policy were disappointed. Yaballaha held contacts with the Byzantine Empire and with Latin Christendom. In 1287, when Abaqa's son and successor Arghun Khan sought an ambassador for an important mission to Europe, Yaballaha recommended his former teacher Rabban Bar Sauma, who held the position of Visitor-General. Arghun agreed, and Bar Sauma made a historic journey through Europe, meeting with the Pope and many monarchs, and bringing gifts, letters, and European ambassadors on his return. Via Rabban Sauma, Mar Yaballaha received a ring from the Pope's finger, and a papal bull which recognized Yaballaha as the patriarch of all the eastern Christians. In May 1304, Yaballaha made profession of the Catholic faith in a letter addressed to Pope Benedict XI. But the union was refuted by his Nestorian bishops. In 1310 Yaballaha tried unsuccessfully to prevent the massacre of Christians in Erbil by a Muslim mob. This failure discouraged him, and he retired to Maragheh, the capital of the Mongol Ilkhanate, where he resided for the rest of his life.
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