About: Thermoelectric effect   Sponge Permalink

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The thermoelectric effect is the direct conversion of temperature differences to electric voltage and vice versa. On the measurement scale of everyday life, a thermoelectric device creates a voltage when there is a different temperature on each side. Conversely (and, thermodynamically speaking, reversibly) when a voltage is applied to it, it creates a temperature difference. On the scale of atoms (specifically, charge carriers), an applied temperature difference causes charged carriers in the material, whether they are electrons or holes, to diffuse from the hot side to the cold side, similar to a classical gas that expands when heated; hence, the thermally-induced current.

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  • Thermoelectric effect
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  • The thermoelectric effect is the direct conversion of temperature differences to electric voltage and vice versa. On the measurement scale of everyday life, a thermoelectric device creates a voltage when there is a different temperature on each side. Conversely (and, thermodynamically speaking, reversibly) when a voltage is applied to it, it creates a temperature difference. On the scale of atoms (specifically, charge carriers), an applied temperature difference causes charged carriers in the material, whether they are electrons or holes, to diffuse from the hot side to the cold side, similar to a classical gas that expands when heated; hence, the thermally-induced current.
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  • The thermoelectric effect is the direct conversion of temperature differences to electric voltage and vice versa. On the measurement scale of everyday life, a thermoelectric device creates a voltage when there is a different temperature on each side. Conversely (and, thermodynamically speaking, reversibly) when a voltage is applied to it, it creates a temperature difference. On the scale of atoms (specifically, charge carriers), an applied temperature difference causes charged carriers in the material, whether they are electrons or holes, to diffuse from the hot side to the cold side, similar to a classical gas that expands when heated; hence, the thermally-induced current. This effect can be used to generate electricity, to measure temperature, to cool objects, or to heat them or cook them. Because the direction of heating and cooling is determined by the sign of the applied voltage, thermoelectric devices make very convenient temperature controllers. Traditionally, the term thermoelectric effect or thermoelectricity encompasses three separately identified effects, the Seebeck effect, the Peltier effect, and the Thomson effect. In many textbooks, thermoelectric effect may also be called the Peltier–Seebeck effect. This separation derives from the independent discoveries of French physicist Jean Charles Athanase Peltier and Estonian-German physicist Thomas Johann Seebeck. Joule heating, the heat that is generated whenever a voltage is applied across a resistive material, is somewhat related, though it is not generally termed a thermoelectric effect (and it is usually regarded as being a loss mechanism due to non-ideality in thermoelectric devices). The Peltier–Seebeck and Thomson effects are reversible, See also: Error: Template must be given at least one article name whereas Joule heating is not.
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