abstract
| - Public Enemy No. 1 or PEN1 is a white supremacist gang based in Southern California whose members have been convicted of crimes including illegal production of methamphetamines, firearms trafficking, identity theft, murder, and dog fighting. The formation of the group was greatly influenced by the punk scene in Long Beach, California during the 1980s. However, by the 1990s, PEN1’s base of operations had been relocated to Orange County, California|Orange County where they began recruiting suburban adolescents. By the 2000s, the gang’s influence has spread throughout California and Arizona, with some members in Idaho and Nevada. They are affiliated with the Aryan Brotherhood and the Ku Klux Klan. Their allies are the Nazi Lowriders. Their main rivals are the Bloods, the Crips, and Mara Salvatrucha.
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