This classification of civilizations is based on the ability of the civilization to manipulate their physical environment. The most effective measure of this manipulation is in the form(s) of energy employed by the civilization. Freeman Dyson was a late Twentieth-early-Twenty-first Century astronomer. He was a tenured professor of astrophysics at Princeton University’s Institute for Advanced Physical Studies, a post in which Albert Einstein preceded him. He gained notoriety in the science fiction of the period with the popular misinterpretation by writers of the Type 2 civilization which they characterized as a Dyson Sphere.
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