| abstract
| - Windows Millennium Edition (referred to as Windows ME) was the last 16/32 bit hybrid version of the Microsoft Windows operating system. Windows ME was released to manufacturing on 2000-06-19 and to retail on 2000-09-14. It was criticized due to its instability, and was sold on the market for a total of 402 days before being superseded by Windows XP on 2001-10-25. Some components of Windows 2000, such as the TCP/IP stack, were ported to Windows ME. Prior to the release of Windows ME, Microsoft had planned for Windows Neptune to bridge the gap between the 9x series and Windows NT. However, Microsoft changed its plans in early 1999 and decided to release another 16/32-bit hybrid operating system, postponing the release of Neptune. Later, the Neptune project was scrapped in favor of Windows XP (then codenamed Whistler). Notably, some of the features scheduled for Neptune, such as the Help and Support Activity Center, were included in Windows ME. Although generally perceived to be a failure, Windows ME introduced several features which would later be deemed beneficial, including Automatic Updates, System Restore, Windows Image Acquisition, and Windows Movie Maker. It is also the first consumer oriented version of Windows to natively offer support for USB mass storage devices. It was criticized for being unstable and the fact that Windows 2000, which came earlier that year, was considered much superior. One of the many factors causing instability was the 9x kernel, and the way it works: apps run all in the same memory layer, so if one crashes, the others crash too. Therefore, it is one of the most hated Windows versions, resulting in nicknames like "Mistake edition".
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