| abstract
| - Chalicodoma (Pseudomegachile) Friese 1899: 36. Type species: Megachile ericetorum Lepeletier. Designation of Alfken 1933. Megachile (Archimegachile) Alfken 1933: 56. Type species: Megachile flavipes Spinola 1838. Synonymy of Michener 2000: 563. Megachile (Neglectella) Pasteels 1965: 431. Type species: Megachile armaticeps Friese 1909. Synonymy of Michener 2000: 563. Megachile (Dinavis) Pasteels 1965: 549. Type species: Megachile muansae Friese 1911. Synonymy of Michener 2000: 563. Megachile (Xenomegachile) Rebmann 1970: 44. Type species: Megachile albocincta Radoszkowski 1874. Synonymy of Michener 2000: 563. Chalicodoma (Pseudomegachile) Michener 1962: 20. Hurd 1979: 2076. Mitchell 1980: 30. Most of the 43 species of the subgenus are African while some reach neighbouring regions of Europe and the Near East. One Indian species, M. lanata occurs in coastal regions of East Africa, Madagascar and in the West Indies. Megachile (Pseudomegachile) lanata (Fabricius) Apis lanata Fabricius 1775: 385. Female. Type locality: Americae meridionalis Insulis [West Indies]. Type repository: Kiel. Apis lunata : Gmelin 1790: 2772. Misspelling. Apis purpurea Christ 1791: 168. Siberien. Synonymy of Dalla Torre 1986: 435. Anthophora lanata : Fabricius 1804: 372. Trachusa lanata : Jurine 1809: 251. Megachile lanata : Latreille 1809: 166. Megachile proxima Smith 1870: 177. India. Synonymy of Friese 1911: 305. Megachile lanata var minhlensis Gribodo 1884: 352. Type locality: Unknown. Synonymy of Friese 1911: 305. Megachile martindalei Fox 1891: 344-345. Male. Type locality: Kingston, Jamaica (W. J. Fox and C. W. Johnson). Type repository: USNM (Fox Collection), not the female in ANSP (no. 10404) as cited by Cresson 1928: 69 (see Moure 1960). Synonymy of Moure 1960: 108-109. Megachile (Archimegachile) lanata : Mitchell 1943b: 671. Chalicodoma (Pseudomegachile) lanata : Pasteels 1965: 402, 404. Chalicodoma (Archimegachile) lanata : Raw 1984b: 503. Megachile (Pseudomegachile) lanata : Raw 2002 # 7: 31. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. (Most citations are as Megachile lanata); Bingham 1897: 483-484 (D); Ashmead 1900: 213 (D); Friese 1908b: 38 (D as M. martindalei); Bodkin 1918: 303 (D); Gowdey 1926: 99-100 (D); Cockerell 1937b: 192 (D); 1938: 280 (D); Wolcott 1948: 869 (D, F); Mitchell 1962: 181-182 (D, R-FM); Kapil et al 1970: 449-458 (D, F, L, N); Alayo 1976: 24 (D); Hurd 1979: 2076 (D, N); Jayasingh & Freeman 1980: 215-216 (L, N, P); Raw 1984b: 503 (F, L, M, N, P); 1985: 13 (D, F, L, M). DISTRIBUTION. Old World: BURMA. INDIA. MADAGASCAR. REUNION. SRI LANKA. New World: CUBA. JAMAICA: all parishes (Raw). GUYANA. PUERTO RICO: Barceloneta, Dorado, Mayagues, Trujillo Alto, Rio Piedras, Yabacoa, along north coast to Isabela. ST. LUCIA (Raw). ST. VINCENT. TRINIDAD (Raw). TOBAGO (Raw). U.S.A.: FL. FLOWERS. New World: Borreria verticillata, Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria juncea, C. spectabilis. Old World: Acacia arabica, Cajanus cajan, C. indica, Crotalaria juncea, C. spectabilis, Ipomaea [sweet potato], Luffa aegyptica, Medicago sativa, Trifolium alexandricum. LIFE HISTORY. In the Punjab, northern India adults are active from early August to November with more than one generation per year and overwinter as prepupae. In the West Indies adults fly throughout the year. Males hold territories around flowering Cajanus cajan and Crotalaria plants. NESTING. In the Punjab summer cells are located in the soil in banks of irrigation canals and built of leaf pieces of Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria juncea, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Phaseolus aureus and Rhynchosia aurea. Overwintering cells are built of mud in cracks in walls, folds of curtains, etc. In Jamaica all nests are built of mud in cracks and on horizontal, protected surfaces of buildings, and in old nests of Sceliphron assimile. Sometimes resin is placed around the nest entrance. PREDATORS. In Jamaica developmental survival was 50% with Melittobia sp. nr. hawaiiensis responsible for 33% of the nest deaths. In cells built in old nests of Sceliphron assimile it was only 30% and the Melittobia species killed 71%. Some larvae were killed by Anthrax irroratus.
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