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| - The 2013-14 British Isles cyclone season included Cyclone Patrick, which was the most intense European windstorm in modern records. The season began on November 1, 2013, and it ended on May 1, 2014. However, the definition of a tropical cyclone season is different than a tropical cyclone year, which ran from July 1, 2013, to June 30, 2014. These dates conventionally delimit the timeframe when most European windstorms tend to affect Ireland and the United Kingdom. All of the season's 21 tropical cyclones existed within the season's boundaries, except Cyclone Ultan, which formed two days after the end of the season. Cyclone Aidan, the season's debut storm, formed on November 22 from the remnants of Atlantic Tropical Storm Melissa, while Ultan, the season's finale storm, dissipated on May 6.
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| abstract
| - The 2013-14 British Isles cyclone season included Cyclone Patrick, which was the most intense European windstorm in modern records. The season began on November 1, 2013, and it ended on May 1, 2014. However, the definition of a tropical cyclone season is different than a tropical cyclone year, which ran from July 1, 2013, to June 30, 2014. These dates conventionally delimit the timeframe when most European windstorms tend to affect Ireland and the United Kingdom. All of the season's 21 tropical cyclones existed within the season's boundaries, except Cyclone Ultan, which formed two days after the end of the season. Cyclone Aidan, the season's debut storm, formed on November 22 from the remnants of Atlantic Tropical Storm Melissa, while Ultan, the season's finale storm, dissipated on May 6. Windstorms in this season were monitored by two agencies - the Dublin Weather Center (DWC) in Dublin, Ireland and the Met Office (UKMO) in London, England. Cyclone Aidan kicked off the season with an active start on November 22, wandering west of Ireland before directly attacking the Faroe Islands. Next, a weak Cyclone Brian, coming to life on November 25, grazed Iceland before rampaging over the Faroe Islands as well. Cyclone Clover developed offshore of Ireland on December 2 before making landfall near Galway, producing moderate flooding in the region. Forming on December 3, Cyclone Dillon, albeit weak in intensity, erratically jumped back and forth across the Irish Sea, causing severe impacts in eastern Ireland, western England, and the Isle of Man, namely flooding. Ten days later, on its heels came Cyclone Emmett, a windstorm famous for causing notorious traffic snarls in Greater Belfast. Cyclone Finn abruptly ravaged Galway on St. Stephen's Day, disrupting hundreds of holiday celebrations across Ireland. A series of three weak cyclones followed. Garrett developed rather close to the Isle of Man on January 7, striking both the small island territory and southwestern Scotland before accelerating northwestwards towards Iceland with gusts strong enough to blow down hundreds of homes in the nation. Hugh developed on January 9 in the English Channel, producing slight intensity fluctuations while moving north-northwestward; it ultimately made a landfall and caused minor flooding in the Cork region of southern Ireland. Iollan formed in the North Sea on January 9 as well before striking rural Norway hours later. Mimicking the path of Clover, Cyclone Jig formed offshore Ireland on January 12 and became the season's third storm to directly impact Galway, subsequently affecting central Ireland as well. Relatively minor impact was reported in the windstorm's aftermath. Developing on February 8, Cyclone Kevin slammed into southeastern England near Norwich, resulting in dozens of power outages throughout the area. Developing just offshore of France on February 15, Liam wandered and looped around the coastline before making a sharp jog northwestwards, bisecting England's Penwith Peninsula and then making landfall near Waterford. Generally minor impact occurred from the storm, save for a couple damaging tornadoes. Cyclone Malachi persisted in the Irish Sea from February 24 to February 27, passing directly over both the Isle of Man and Belfast. Owing to the extremely high sea surface temperatures (SST's) in the Celtic Sea, Niall, forming on March 3, was notorious for its insane windspeed rise in just 24 hours, subsequently attacking Cork at its peak intensity. Widespread flooding occurred as far away as Dublin, destroying hundreds of structures not designed to withstand its fury. Oisin developed on March 10 and brushed eastern Ireland, giving the areas recently affected by Niall slightly additional amounts of precipitation. Forming on Pi Day (March 14), Patrick was a bomb cyclone that passed directly over Galway, Dublin, and many cities across the United Kingdom and France (including London and Paris), even tracking as far south as Barcelona in Spain. Flooding, gusty winds, tornadoes, and a destructive storm surges resulted in the loss of hundreds of thousands of resources across France and the British Isles, and food shortages lasting up to an entire year. These impacts were further compacted when another destructive cyclone, Quinn, formed just days later. Quinn was another bomb cyclone which developed on St. Patrick's Day and began a path of terror and destruction which took it through Ireland, the United Kingdom, France, Belgium, The Netherlands, Faroe Islands, Iceland, Scandinavia, Finland, Estonia, and Russia. Millions of people were affected due to the storm's incredibly slow and erratic movement (partially caused by interactions with Patrick and a later cyclone, Seamus), which allowed it to maintain its intensity while blowing down billions of structures designed to survive strong windstorms and flooding major cities as far east as Moscow. The combined impact from Patrick and Quinn prompted the United Nations to declare northern Europe a disaster zone, and offered international assistance to the region. Cyclone Redmond briefly existed on April 7, only to be gobbled up by Quinn the next day without causing land impacts. Cyclone Seamus was a third bomb cyclone which helped initiate Quinn's effects on Scandinavia and Russia. Forming on April 8, it bombed offshore the Faroe Islands before looping over the Norwegian Sea and back down into Scandinavia and Russia, producing gusty winds and widespread flooding. On April 25, Cyclone Tierney formed offshore England, executing a massive loop before moving back onshore northern England near Newcastle, producing generally minor impacts. Finally, to conclude the season, Ultan formed on May 3 offshore Waterford, moving onto the Irish coast near that location before swinging back into the Penwith Peninsula and dissipating on May 6. Slight flooding occurred in the Bristol metropolitan area. Overall, the windstorms of the 2013-14 British Isles cyclone season produced 3,549 fatalities and $3.015489195 billion in losses (2014 USD).
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