| abstract
| - We succeeded in giving more power to the states, but one big CCPL point still has not been achieved: educational reform. In the light of more power to the states, I believe we can solve this quite easily. Add a provision to the Primary and Secondary Education Act that enables states to set up their own regulations concerning special needs and religious education. Of course, these regulations should still be in line with the regulations mentioned in the Federal Law. And: in case a state goes too far, we still have our rule: Congress may override a state's decision :) By giving the states the possibility to create their own regulations, fit for the uniqueness within their state (f.e. Russian language education in Seven, or Catholic education in Oceana), we also avoid needless discussions, like we usually do concerning this kind of law :P In addition, a rule will be implemented that regular, "federal" education should be available in all states as well. Changes in bold.
* Article 6 - Primary Education Act 1.
* Primary education is the educating of children in a school or privately, by qualified teachers, in order to provide them with the apt knowledge and skills to go to secondary education. 2.
* Primary education is provided in primary or elementary schools, unless the child is taught privately. 3. 1.
* Primary schools can be operated privately, that is by an individual or an organization, or publicly, that is by a neighborhood, hamlet, town, city, state or by the federal state. 4. 2.
* Primary schools have to appoint teachers that are qualified to teach the subjects they are asked to teach. 5. 3. 1.
* All primary school teachers must have obtained a single Lovian Certificate of Education Level 2 or above or a Supplementary Lovian Certificate of Education Level 2 or above. 6. 4.
* Primary schools can turn down pupils only in special cases, these being the inability to provide education to a pupil with a particular problem, the inability to properly provide education for a pupil due to a lack of resources or if a pupil has proven to be unable to behave according to previous schools' regulations. In no other cases, pupils shall be denied access without consultation with the Ministry of Education. 7.
* Primary schools provide general and basic education to a child. All subjects taught must be Lovian Certificates of Education and may not be Supplementary Lovian Certificate of Education. 8. 1.
* These subjects should be taught at least three hours per week, during the six years of primary education: 9. 2.
* English (level 1) 10. 3.
* Mathematics (level 1) 11. 4.
* Arts and Crafts (level 1) 12. 5.
* These subjects should be taught at least two hours per week, during the six years of primary education: 13. 6.
* Physical Education (level 1) 14. 7.
* Social Education (level 1) 15. 8.
* The school must also choose a level 1 language subject to provide other than English that must be taught at least two hours a week, from a list which the State Government will provide. 16. 9.
* These subjects should be taught at least one hour per week, during the six years of primary education: 17. 10.
* History (level 1) 18. 11.
* Geography (level 1) 19. 12.
* Science (level 1) 20. 13.
* Computing (level 1) 21. 14.
* Primary schools may also provide more languages than the two mandatory subjects to pupils. The specific additional languages a pupil is taught however will be selected by the pupil themselves from the list of additional languages the school provides beyond the two mandatory language subjects. 22. 15.
* Primary schools are free to choose to provide more classes of any of these subjects, or to provide other level 1 subjects considered valuable, in order to provide a minimum of twenty-two hours of class, every week of the schoolyear. Primary schools may provide more classes beyond the twenty-two hour minimum but none beyond the maximum of thirty hours of class, every week of the schoolyear. 23. 16.
* There shall be no doctrinal classes in primary schools. 24. 17. 1.
* In a course called 'Religions of the world', children may be taught about religions. If the school wishes to teach this subject, all major religions should be brought to attention, as well as a non-religious attitude. 25. 18. 2.
* Primary schools and their teachers may not try to convince children of a certain religious or political point of view, nor can they make any pupil exercise a religious act, unless the pupil and/or the parents agree with taking doctrinal classes. 26.
* These rules apply for the arrangement of the timetable: 27. 1.
* A break of at least 10 minutes is compulsory between every two hours; more often is allowed. 28. 2.
* There shall be no classes on Sunday. 29. 3.
* There shall be no classes between 7 PM and 7 AM. 30. 4.
* There must be a lunch break every day, of at least an hour, between noon and 2 PM. 31.
* Private education, by a qualified teacher, can be provided. In this case, the same rules apply. 32.
* Every child residing in Lovia has to receive six years of primary education, beginning in the schoolyear during which the child will reach the age of 6 years. 33. 1.
* Only if a qualified psychologist and the pupil's teacher find it appropriate for the pupil to skip a schoolyear and continue education with older pupils, and if the parents agree on this, the pupil may skip a schoolyear. 34. 2.
* Every pupil has to receive primary education until the schoolyear during which the pupil will reach the age of 12, except in the case mentioned above. 35.
* In case a primary school does not provide the kind of education described in this article, the Minister of Education or the Royal Educational Aims Council can decide to shut down the school until the service provided does qualify. In the meantime, the Ministry of Education must provide education to the pupils of that school, by allowing them instant pro-tempore access to another school. 36. 1.
* The Royal Educational Aims Council is a council under the Ministry of Education, consisting of three educational specialists who decide on the secondary education curriculum, and who can close a school (of any level) if it does not qualify with the requirements. 37. 2. 1.
* The following three persons are members of the council: the Minister of Education, the Prime Minister, and the Minister of Labour as the pupils' and students' welfare watchdog. 38. 3. 2.
* The Rector of Blackburn University is added to the council as its fourth member only when the council is looking into a matter directly concerned with the higher educational system. 39.
* States are allowed to create legislation concerning special needs and religious education, and education in another language (special education). 40. 1.
* The same rules apply to special education as to regular institutions. 41. 2.
* Regular education must always remain available to pupils. 42. 3. 1.
* All settlements with more than 5,000 inhabitants must have at least one regular primary school. 43. 4. 2.
* A state must always have at least one regular primary school. 44.
* All primary schools within Lovia are funded by a School Voucher system. 45. 1.
* A School Voucher system operates via a system of grants from the Ministry of Education to a parent for each child they have at the age of primary education to pay for their child's tuition within Lovia. 46. 2. 1.
* Parents are granted an amount towards each child's education, this grant is not given to the parents instead the Ministry of Education must create documents that shall be used to register where their child is currently receiving tuition so that the grant may be given directly to their child's school. 47. 3. 2. 1.
* The current grant per child is L$11,000. 48. 4. 3. 2.
* These documents must be simple, easy to understand and must not be misleading, there must also be a way to trace who filled in the documents. 49. 5. 4.
* To obtain the grant, at least one parent must be a Lovian citizen. 50. 6. 5.
* Parents wealthy enough to make tuition provisions for their child without state assistance should do so. 51. 7. 6. 1.
* Parents earning over L$100,000 collectively will only be entitled to half of the grant. 52. 8. 7. 2.
* Parents earning over L$250,000 collectively will not be entitled to any of the grant. 53. 9. 8.
* Primary schools may not charge a tuition that is higher than the grant. 54.
* Primary schools must register certain details in a primary school register. 55. 1.
* A primary school must register: 56. 2.
* Their name. 57. 3.
* The address of the school. 58. 4.
* The number of pupils they are currently teaching a primary education to. 59. 5.
* The number of teachers they are currently employing to teach primary education. 60. 6.
* The tuition fee the school is charging per child in primary education. 61. 7.
* The date of registration. 62. 8.
* These registers are managed on a state by state basis by the relevant state government. 63. 9. 1.
* Further details may be requested by the state government. 64. 10.
* The details must be renewed every half-year since the date of registration. 65. 11. 1.
* If they are not renewed then the school shall be given a weeks grace period to fill in the details along with a notification from the state government, if it fails to renew details after the grace period then it is no longer considered able to provide education to students and must be shut down until it renews the details. In the meanwhile the Ministry of Education must provide education to the students of that school. 66. 12.
* Only primary schools that are registered in the primary school register may be considered primary schools by law.
* Article 7 - Secondary Education Act 1.
* Secondary education is the educating of adolescents in a school or privately, by qualified teachers, in order to provide them with the apt knowledge and skills to lead a life in a modern society and in order to be able to continue studying in university or take on an apprenticeship. 2. 1.
* After having completed the schoolyear of their 16th birthday a child may choose to not continue ordinary school and instead pursue an apprenticeship, should they secure an apprenticeship then they may continue their education under their employer as an apprentice, if they at any point lose their apprenticeship they must at the soonest possible date rejoin a school. 3.
* Secondary education is provided in high schools or secondary schools, unless the adolescent is taught privately. 4. 1.
* Secondary schools can be operated privately, that is by an individual or an organization, or publicly, that is by a neighborhood, hamlet, town, city, state or by the federal state. 5. 2.
* Secondary schools have to appoint teachers that are qualified to teach the subjects they are asked to teach. 6. 3. 1.
* All secondary school teachers must have obtained a single Lovian Certificate of Education Level 4 or above or a Supplementary Lovian Certificate of Education Level 4 or above. 7. 4.
* Secondary schools can turn down pupils only in special cases, these being the inability to provide education to a pupil with a particular problem, the inability to properly provide education for a pupil due to a lack of resources or if a pupil has proven to be unable to behave according to previous schools' regulations. In no other cases, pupils shall be denied access without consultation with the Ministry of Education. 8.
* Secondary schools provide two tiers of education, one to a child from the age of 12 until 16 and another to a child of the ages of 17 and 18 should the child choose to continue in school: 9. 1.
* Secondary schools provide a general education to a child up until the age of 16. All subjects taught must be Lovian Certificates of Education and may not be Supplementary Lovian Certificate of Education. 10. 2. 1.
* These subjects should be taught at least four hours per week, during the first four years of secondary education: 11. 3. 2.
* Mathematics (level 2) 12. 4. 3.
* These subjects should be taught at least two hours per week, during the first four years of secondary education: 13. 5. 4.
* English (level 2) 14. 6. 5.
* Literature (level 2) 15. 7. 6.
* Art (level 2) 16. 8. 7.
* Physical Education (level 2) 17. 9. 8.
* Social Education (level 2) 18. 10. 9.
* Technology (level 2) 19. 11. 10.
* Science (level 2) 20. 12. 11.
* The school must also choose a level 2 language subject to provide other than English that must be taught at least two hours a week, from a list which the State Government will provide. 21. 13. 12.
* These subjects should be taught at least one hour per week, during the first four years of secondary education: 22. 14. 13.
* History (level 2) 23. 15. 14.
* Geography (level 2) 24. 16. 15.
* Computing (level 2) 25. 17. 16.
* Secondary schools may also provide more languages than the two mandatory subjects to pupils between the ages of 12 and 16. The specific additional languages a pupil is taught however will be selected by the pupil themselves from the list of additional languages the school provides beyond the two mandatory language subjects. 26. 18. 17.
* Secondary schools are free to choose to provide more classes of any of these subjects, or to provide other level 2 subjects considered valuable, in order to provide a minimum of thirty hours of class, every week of the schoolyear. Secondary schools may provide more classes beyond the thirty hour minimum but none beyond the maximum of forty hours of class, every week of the schoolyear. 27. 19.
* Secondary schools provide an advanced education to a child of the age of 17 and 18. All subjects taught must be Lovian Certificates of Education and may not be Supplementary Lovian Certificate of Education. 28. 20. 1.
* These subjects should be taught at least five hours per week, during the last two years of secondary education: 29. 21. 2.
* English (level 3) 30. 22. 3.
* Mathematics (level 3) 31. 23. 4.
* The school must also choose a level 3 language subject to provide other than English that must be taught at least five hours a week, from a list which the State Government will provide. 32. 24. 5.
* Secondary schools must provide a wide selection of level 3 subjects for pupils to choose from to study. Pupils may choose to study a minimum of three extra subjects to study to bring their total time within school to 30 hours of class, every week of the schoolyear. Pupils may choose to study two more subjects beyond the thirty hour minimum, bringing their total time within school to 40 hours of class, every week of the schoolyear. 33. 25. 6.
* Each additional subject a pupil chooses to study must be taught for five hours each week. 34. 26.
* Doctrinal classes may be provided in secondary schools by the school itself, if wished. 35. 27. 1.
* There shall be no more than one hour of doctrinal class per week. 36. 28. 2.
* The content of doctrinal classes, in which the teacher teaches a particular religious or political world view, can be chosen by the school and teacher. 37. 29. 3. 1.
* There shall be no doctrinal classes about extremist views; that is: no far-right, far-left, extremist religious, violent or extreme nationalist views can be taught. If needed, the Royal Educational Aims Council and the Minister of Education can dismiss a doctrinal course. 38. 30. 4.
* A student is allowed not to follow a doctrinal course provided by a secondary school, if he or she does not want to take this course. In order to skip these classes, the student has to notify the school direction and stay on school property during the courses. 39. 31. 5.
* A course called 'Religions of the world', or any course similar to it, is not considered a doctrinal course. 40. 32. 6.
* No tests and exams shall be taken for these courses. 41.
* These rules apply for the arrangement of the timetable: 42. 1.
* A break of at least 10 minutes is compulsory between every two hours; more often is allowed. 43. 2.
* There shall be no classes on Sunday. 44. 3.
* There shall be no classes between 7 PM and 7 AM. 45. 4.
* There must be a lunch break every day, of at least an hour, between noon and 2 PM. 46.
* Private education, by a qualified teacher, can be provided. In this case, the same rules apply. 47.
* Every child residing in Lovia has to receive at least four years of secondary education, beginning in the schoolyear after which the adolescent has finished his primary education successfully. Additionally should a child not be employed as an apprentice, they must continue to receive education until they have completed the educational year in which they are 18. 48. 1.
* Only if a qualified psychologist and the student's teacher find it appropriate for the student to skip a schoolyear and continue education with older students, and if the parents agree on this, the student may skip a schoolyear. 49.
* Secondary schools that do not provide the kind of education described in this article, the Minister of Education or the Royal Educational Aims Council can decide to shut down the school until the service provided do qualify. In the meanwhile the Ministry of Education must provide education to the students of that school. 50.
* States are allowed to create legislation concerning special needs and religious education, and education in another language (special education). 51. 1.
* The same rules apply to special education as to regular institutions. 52. 2.
* Regular education must always remain available to pupils. 53. 3. 1.
* All settlements with more than 10,000 inhabitants must have at least one regular secondary school. 54. 4. 2.
* A state must always have at least one regular secondary school. 55.
* All secondary schools within Lovia are funded by a School Voucher system. 56. 1.
* A School Voucher system operates via a system of grants from the Ministry of Education to a parent for each child they have at the age of secondary education to pay for their child's tuition within Lovia. 57. 2. 1.
* Parents are granted an amount towards each child's education, this grant is not given to the parents instead the Ministry of Education must create documents that shall be used to register where their child is currently receiving tuition so that the grant may be given directly to their child's school. 58. 3. 2. 1.
* The current grant per child is L$15,000. 59. 4. 3. 2.
* These documents must be simple, easy to understand and must not be misleading, there must also be a way to trace who filled in the documents. 60. 5. 4.
* To obtain the grant, at least one parent must be a Lovian citizen. 61. 6. 5.
* Parents wealthy enough to make tuition provisions for their child without state assistance should do so. 62. 7. 6. 1.
* Parents earning over L$100,000 collectively will only be entitled to half of the grant. 63. 8. 7. 2.
* Parents earning over L$250,000 collectively will not be entitled to any of the grant. 64. 9. 8.
* Secondary schools may not charge a tuition that is higher than the grant. 65.
* Secondary schools must register certain details in a secondary school register. 66. 1.
* A secondary school must register: 67. 2.
* Their name. 68. 3.
* The address of the school. 69. 4.
* The number of pupils they are currently teaching a secondary education to. 70. 5.
* The number of teachers they are currently employing to teach secondary education. 71. 6.
* The tuition fee the school is charging per child in secondary education. 72. 7.
* The date of registration. 73. 8.
* These registers are managed on a state by state basis by the relevant state government. 74. 9. 1.
* Further details may be requested by the state government. 75. 10.
* The details must be renewed every half-year since the date of registration. 76. 11. 1.
* If they are not renewed then the school shall be given a weeks grace period to fill in the details along with a notification from the state government, if it fails to renew details after the grace period then it is no longer considered able to provide education to students and must be shut down until it renews the details. In the meanwhile the Ministry of Education must provide education to the students of that school. 77. 12.
* Only secondary schools that are registered in the secondary school register may be considered secondary schools by law.
* Article 12 - Educational Boards Act 1.
* An educational board is a registered organisation that creates curriculum's for schools and is responsible for the testing, examination and marking of the students learning their curriculum's and then the distribution of the results. They are also granted the power to award Lovian Certificates of Education (LCE) and Supplimentary Lovian Certificates of Education (SLCE) to students. 2.
* Educational boards may award LCE's and SLCE's to students with an assigned grade attached to the certificate. 3. 1.
* A Lovian Certificate of Education is a full course in a subject, ensuring that the student learning the curriculum related to the LCE understands the full knowledge of the subject over the full time of the educational level it is at. 4. 2. 1.
* Grades assigned to LCE's are related to the percentage achieved in the combined tests, examinations or coursework of the subject. 5. 3. 2. 1.
* Pass grades are as follows: 6. 4. 3. 2.
* A*, which is awarded should a student get 95% or above in the combined tests, examinations or coursework of the subject. 7. 5. 4. 3.
* A, which is awarded should a student get 90% or above and below 95% in the combined tests, examinations or coursework of the subject. 8. 6. 5. 4.
* B, which is awarded should a student get 80% or above and below 90% in the combined tests, examinations or coursework of the subject. 9. 7. 6. 5.
* C, which is awarded should a student get 70% or above and below 80% in the combined tests, examinations or coursework of the subject. 10. 8. 7. 6.
* D, which is awarded should a student get 60% or above and below 70% in the combined tests, examinations or coursework of the subject. 11. 9. 8. 7.
* E, which is awarded should a student get 50% or above and below 60% in the combined tests, examinations or coursework of the subject. 12. 10. 9. 8.
* Fail grades are as follows: 13. 11. 10. 9.
* F, which is awarded should a student get 40% or above and below 50% in the combined tests, examinations or coursework of the subject. 14. 12. 11. 10.
* U, which is awarded should a student get below 40% in the combined tests, examinations or coursework of the subject. 15. 13. 12. 11.
* When a student fails they receive a letter with their fail grade and their percentage achieved in various exams and tests in order to help them understand and improve for the future rather than an LCE. 16. 14.
* A Supplimentary Lovian Certificate of Education is a short course in a subject, ensuring that the student learning the curriculum related to the SLCE understands the basic and general knowledge of the subject but does so over a quarter of the time of the full course. 17. 15. 1.
* Grades assigned to SLCE's are related to the percentage achieved. 18. 16. 2. 1.
* Pass grades are as follows: 19. 17. 3. 2.
* A*, which is awarded should a student get 97.5% or above in the combined tests, examinations or coursework of the subject. 20. 18. 4. 3.
* A, which is awarded should a student get 95% or above and below 97.5% in the combined tests, examinations or coursework of the subject. 21. 19. 5. 4.
* B, which is awarded should a student get 90% or above and below 95% in the combined tests, examinations or coursework of the subject. 22. 20. 6. 5.
* C, which is awarded should a student get 85% or above and below 90% in the combined tests, examinations or coursework of the subject. 23. 21. 7. 6.
* D, which is awarded should a student get 80% or above and below 85% in the combined tests, examinations or coursework of the subject. 24. 22. 8. 7.
* E, which is awarded should a student get 75% or above and below 80% in the combined tests, examinations or coursework of the subject. 25. 23. 9. 8.
* Fail grades are as follows: 26. 24. 10. 9.
* F, which is awarded should a student get 70% or above and below 85% in the combined tests, examinations or coursework of the subject. 27. 25. 11. 10.
* U, which is awarded should a student get below 70% in the combined tests, examinations or coursework of the subject. 28. 26. 12. 11.
* When a student fails they receive a letter with their fail grade and their percentage achieved in various exams and tests in order to help them understand and improve for the future rather than an SLCE. 29.
* Subjects will be provided at various levels by Educational Boards. Subjects can either be defined by law or by certain governmental institutions. 30. 1.
* Level 1 subjects are aimed at giving a wide and basic education, in cases where the subject is applicable to needing to teach using resources that might concern the state, nation and world, examples and resources concerning all three of these should be used. These are aimed to be taught in primary school by a person with at least a level 2 qualification to children aged 6-12, over the course of 6 years. 31. 2.
* Level 2 subjects are aimed at giving a general and advanced education, in cases where the subject is applicable to needing to teach using resources that might concern the state, nation and world, examples and resources concerning only two or all three should be used. These are aimed to be taught in secondary school by a person with at least a level 4 qualification to adolescents aged 12-16, over the course of 4 years. 32. 3.
* Level 3 subjects are aimed at giving a focused and advanced education, in cases where the subject is applicable to needing to teach using resources that might concern the state, nation and world, examples and resources concerning only one, two or all three may be used. These are aimed to be taught in secondary school by a person with at least a level 4 qualification to adolescents aged 16-18, over the course of 2 years. 33. 4.
* Level 4 subjects are aimed at giving a highly focused and advanced education, the aim of this education should be to prepare the student for a career in the subject they are taking. These are aimed to be taught in university by a person with at least a level 5 qualification to adults aged 18-21, over the course of 3 years. 34. 5.
* Level 5 subjects are aimed at building on a persons focused and advanced education, the aim of this education should be to advance the students knowledge further in the subject they are taking. These are aimed to be taught in university by a person with at least a level 6 qualification to adults aged 21 and over. 35. 6.
* Level 6 subjects are aimed at further building on a persons focused and advanced education, the aim of this education should be to advance the students knowledge further in the subject they are taking. These are aimed to be taught in university by a person with at least a level 7 qualification to adults aged 21 and over. 36. 7.
* Level 7 subjects are aimed at building on a persons focused and advanced education at an experimental level, the aim of this education should be to advance the students knowledge further in the subject they are taking. These are aimed to be taught in university by a person with at least a level 7 qualification to adults aged 21 and over. 37. 8.
* Subjects that educational boards may provide at specific levels are any of those defined in law and those recognised by state governments on a state by state basis with the advice of the Ministry of Education. 38. 9.
* Additionally the Ministry of Education may recognise subjects nationally with advice from Congress. 39.
* Educational boards must provide tests, examinations or coursework or a combination of those for students to complete as part of a subject to act as proof that they understand the full knowledge of the subject. 40.
* Educational boards may not refuse to provide a tutor, school or university access to a subject unless it does not have the proper resources to administrate the subject. 41.
* Educational boards may charge no more than a certain amount of Lovian Dollars per student per subject and must charge the same rate for all subjects it provides on the same level. 42. 1.
* Educational boards may charge up to £50 for level 1 subjects. 43. 2.
* Educational boards may charge up to £60 for level 2 subjects. 44. 3.
* Educational boards may charge up to £125 for level 3 subjects. 45. 4.
* Educational boards may charge up to £750 for level 4-7 subjects. 46.
* Educational boards must register certain details in an educational board register. 47. 1.
* An educational board must register: 48. 2.
* Their name. 49. 3.
* The address of the educational board. 50. 4.
* The number of courses they are currently offering. 51. 5.
* The number of schools using the subjects they are offering. 52. 6.
* The fee the educational board is charging per student per subject at each level. 53. 7.
* The date of registration. 54. 8.
* These registers are managed on a state by state basis by the relevant state government. 55. 9. 1.
* Further details may be requested by the state government. 56. 10.
* The details must be renewed every half-year since the date of registration. 57. 11. 1.
* If they are not renewed then the educational board shall be given a weeks grace period to fill in the details along with a notification from the state government, if it fails to renew details after the grace period then it is no longer considered able to provide courses and correct administration of said courses it may be shut down until it renews the details. In the meanwhile the Ministry of Education must provide support to the schools using courses from the educational board that has been shut down. 58. 12.
* Only Educational boards that are registered in the educational board register may be considered educational boards by law.
* Article 13 - Apprenticeships Act 1.
* Define an apprenticeship 2.
* Define a Lovian Certificate of Apprenticeship 3.
* What levels and apprenticeships there are and provisions for the Ministry of Commerce to validate further apprenticeships with advice 4.
* Provisions for tests, examinations or coursework to acquire LCA's 5.
* Apprenticeship employees 6.
* Apprenticeship employers (similar to article 7 - 2) 7.
* What must be provided in an Apprenticeship (similar to article 7 - 3) 8.
* Apprenticeship grants for private employers
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