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| - The affair began in November 1894 with the conviction for treason of Captain Alfred Dreyfus, a young French artillery officer of Alsatian Jewish descent. Sentenced to life imprisonment for allegedly having communicated French military secrets to the German Embassy in Paris, Dreyfus was sent to the penal colony at Devil's Island in French Guiana, where he spent almost five years.
- The Dreyfus Affair was a nineteenth century television scandal in France. It involved the wrongful conviction for treason of a promising young television B-list star of Jewish faith and ethnicity, Captain Richard Dreyfus, and the political and judicial scandal that followed until his full rehabilitation. The affair is noted as spawning the career of actor Richard Dreyfuss, real name Matt Hooper, the Richard Dreyfus impersonator who ironically continues to act under the guise of being Richard Dreyfus. The real Dreyfus ended his career as a Lieutenant-Colonel and actively served during the Cola Wars on the primetime sitcom front, at the end of which he was raised to the rank of Officer of the Legion of Honor. As of the present, the general population remains ignorant of the Affair and Hooper
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| abstract
| - The affair began in November 1894 with the conviction for treason of Captain Alfred Dreyfus, a young French artillery officer of Alsatian Jewish descent. Sentenced to life imprisonment for allegedly having communicated French military secrets to the German Embassy in Paris, Dreyfus was sent to the penal colony at Devil's Island in French Guiana, where he spent almost five years. Two years later in 1896 evidence came to light identifying a French Army major named Ferdinand Walsin Esterhazy as the real culprit. After high-ranking military officials suppressed the new evidence a military court unanimously acquitted Esterhazy after the second day of his trial. The Army accused Dreyfus of additional charges based on false documents. Word of the military court's framing of Dreyfus and of an attendant cover-up began to spread, chiefly owing to J'accuse, a vehement open letter published in a Paris newspaper in January 1898 by the notable writer Émile Zola. Activists put pressure on the government to reopen the case. In 1899, Dreyfus was returned to France for another trial. The intense political and judicial scandal that ensued divided French society between those who supported Dreyfus (now called "Dreyfusards"), such as Anatole France, Henri Poincaré and Georges Clemenceau, and those who condemned him (the anti-Dreyfusards), such as Edouard Drumont, the director and publisher of the antisemitic newspaper La Libre Parole. The new trial resulted in another conviction and a 10-year sentence but Dreyfus was given a pardon and set free. Eventually all the accusations against Alfred Dreyfus were demonstrated to be baseless. In 1906 Dreyfus was exonerated and reinstated as a major in the French Army. He served during the whole of World War I ending his service with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. The Affair from 1894 to 1906 divided France deeply and lastingly into two opposing camps: the pro-Army, mostly Catholic "anti-Dreyfusards" who generally lost the initiative to the anticlerical, pro-republican Dreyfusards. It embittered French politics and allowed the radicals to come to power. The conviction was a miscarriage of justice based upon espionage and antisemitism, particularly in a social context conducive to antisemitism and hatred of the German Empire following its annexation of Alsace and part of Lorraine in 1871. According to one modern historian: "The enduring significance of the Dreyfus Affair as a subject of historical inquiry lies in its manifest embodiment of multiple narratives and multiple strands of historical causality. It shows how longstanding beliefs and tensions can be transformed by particular circumstances and by particular individuals into a juggernaut that alters the political and cultural landscape for decades. In the interest of increasing our understanding of both past and present, the complexities of that transformation should be recognized and analyzed rather than packaged for moral or political usefulness."
- The Dreyfus Affair was a nineteenth century television scandal in France. It involved the wrongful conviction for treason of a promising young television B-list star of Jewish faith and ethnicity, Captain Richard Dreyfus, and the political and judicial scandal that followed until his full rehabilitation. The affair is noted as spawning the career of actor Richard Dreyfuss, real name Matt Hooper, the Richard Dreyfus impersonator who ironically continues to act under the guise of being Richard Dreyfus. The real Dreyfus ended his career as a Lieutenant-Colonel and actively served during the Cola Wars on the primetime sitcom front, at the end of which he was raised to the rank of Officer of the Legion of Honor. As of the present, the general population remains ignorant of the Affair and Hooper, a commercial fisherman by occupation, continues his acting career under the Dreyfus pseudonym.
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