Australia, officially the Federal States of Australia, is a federal presidential parliamentary constitutional republic in the southern Pacific Ocean. The majority of the nation consists of the two eastern thirds of the Australian continent. Nine contiguous states cover this area. The island of Tasmania also forms part of Australia, separated from the mainland by Bass Strait. Aotearoa, consisting of two large island and several smaller ones, is also an Australian state, lying approximately 2,000 km south-east of the Australian mainland, across the Tasman Sea. To the north of Australia, across the Torres Strait, is the states of Papua and New Guinea, consisting of half the island of New Guinea and numerous small islands. The country has a number of insular external territories, mostly in the
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| - Federal States of Australia (Eureka!)
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| - Australia, officially the Federal States of Australia, is a federal presidential parliamentary constitutional republic in the southern Pacific Ocean. The majority of the nation consists of the two eastern thirds of the Australian continent. Nine contiguous states cover this area. The island of Tasmania also forms part of Australia, separated from the mainland by Bass Strait. Aotearoa, consisting of two large island and several smaller ones, is also an Australian state, lying approximately 2,000 km south-east of the Australian mainland, across the Tasman Sea. To the north of Australia, across the Torres Strait, is the states of Papua and New Guinea, consisting of half the island of New Guinea and numerous small islands. The country has a number of insular external territories, mostly in the
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| population census
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| conventional long name
| - Federal States of Australia
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| Languages
| - English
- Indonesian
- Chinese
- Indian languages
- Māori
- Aboriginal languages
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| established date
| - 1788-01-26(xsd:date)
- 1861-01-26(xsd:date)
- --12-03
- ~40,000 - 80,000 BC
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| national motto
| - Invenire Ignotum
- Ki te kitea e mōhiotia
- To find the unknown
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| government type
| - Federal presidential parliamentary constitutional republic
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| native name
| - Budjar
- Āhua e Hānga Ana o Ahitereiria
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| upper house
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| otl
| - Australia and New Zealand, without Western Australia
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| Leader title
| - Prime Minister
- President
- Speaker of the House
- President of the Senate
- Chief Justice
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| abstract
| - Australia, officially the Federal States of Australia, is a federal presidential parliamentary constitutional republic in the southern Pacific Ocean. The majority of the nation consists of the two eastern thirds of the Australian continent. Nine contiguous states cover this area. The island of Tasmania also forms part of Australia, separated from the mainland by Bass Strait. Aotearoa, consisting of two large island and several smaller ones, is also an Australian state, lying approximately 2,000 km south-east of the Australian mainland, across the Tasman Sea. To the north of Australia, across the Torres Strait, is the states of Papua and New Guinea, consisting of half the island of New Guinea and numerous small islands. The country has a number of insular external territories, mostly in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, and also holds an unenforced claim on parts of Antarctica, known as the Australian Antarctic Territory. At 5.34 million km2 in land area, Australia ranks 6th in the list of the world's largest nations, smaller than Brazil but just less than twice as large as India, which ranks seventh. Despite its large size, Australia has a comparatively small population, approximately 35 million. Australia is a multicultural and ethnically diverse nation, the product of large-scale immigration, though much of this influx is relatively recent. The Australian economy is regarded as one of the world's strongest and healthiest despite its small population, with a nominal GDP of approximately 1.9 million US dollars in 2008. The country is a member of the Group of 8 economic powers. The nation was founded mostly as a penal colony by the United Kingdom in 1788, with the first Europeans settling near what is now the large city of Sydney. However, for more than 10,000 years Australasia had a diverse indigenous population, from Australian aborigines to Aotearoan Māoris (considered to be Polynesian peoples) Torres Strait Islanders and native Papuans, considered as Melanesian peoples. By the 1850s transportation of convicts had largely ceased and a mining boom in the goldfields of Victoria brought many more free settlers. On December 3, 1854, the Battle of Eureka began a large-scale rebellion against British rule brought on largely by issues of land title and mining rights, but soon spread into a full-scale secession movement. The Eureka Declaration of 1855 declared Australia as an independent nation. Aotearoa was admitted into the Federation as New Zealand in 1865; its name was formally changed to the state's Māori name in 1950. The country remained economically prosperous throughout the 19th and 20th centuries and remained closely linked with the United States throughout most of the 20th century. The nation fought in the Second World War on the side of the Allies against Japan, which had designs on much Australian territory. The Japanese invasion of Papua, at the time an Australian territory, galvanised the Australian population and led to Japan's repulsion and contributed to their eventual defeat. Since the end of World War II, Australia has been a significant global and regional power.
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