Joseph II (Joseph Benedikt Anton Michael Adam; 13 March 1741 – 20 February 1790) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790 and ruler of the Hapsburg lands from 1780 to 1790. He was the eldest son of Empress Maria Theresa (with whom he co-ruled in a number of territories from 1765 until her death in 1780) and her husband, Francis I, and was the brother of Marie Antoinette who became queen of France. He was thus the first ruler in the Austrian dominions of the House of Lorraine, styled Habsburg-Lorraine. Joseph was a proponent of enlightened absolutism, and sought to reform education, the law, and culture (he was a patron of Wolfgang Mozart, for example). He also followed a policy of religious tolerance.
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| - Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor
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| - Joseph II (Joseph Benedikt Anton Michael Adam; 13 March 1741 – 20 February 1790) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790 and ruler of the Hapsburg lands from 1780 to 1790. He was the eldest son of Empress Maria Theresa (with whom he co-ruled in a number of territories from 1765 until her death in 1780) and her husband, Francis I, and was the brother of Marie Antoinette who became queen of France. He was thus the first ruler in the Austrian dominions of the House of Lorraine, styled Habsburg-Lorraine. Joseph was a proponent of enlightened absolutism, and sought to reform education, the law, and culture (he was a patron of Wolfgang Mozart, for example). He also followed a policy of religious tolerance.
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| Spouse
| - Isabella of Parma ;
- Maria Josepha of Bavaria
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| Name
| - Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor
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| Title
| - Holy Roman Emperor
- Archduke of Austria;
- Count of Flanders, Hainaut and Namur
- Duke of Brabant, Limburg,
- Duke of Teschen
- Galicia and Lodomeria;
- King in Germany
- King of Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia
- Lothier, Luxembourg and Milan;
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| Years
| - 1764(xsd:integer)
- 1765(xsd:integer)
- 1780(xsd:integer)
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| Children
| - Two daughters who died in childhood
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| Parents
| - Maria Theresa
- Francis I ;
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| - Joseph II (Joseph Benedikt Anton Michael Adam; 13 March 1741 – 20 February 1790) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790 and ruler of the Hapsburg lands from 1780 to 1790. He was the eldest son of Empress Maria Theresa (with whom he co-ruled in a number of territories from 1765 until her death in 1780) and her husband, Francis I, and was the brother of Marie Antoinette who became queen of France. He was thus the first ruler in the Austrian dominions of the House of Lorraine, styled Habsburg-Lorraine. Joseph was a proponent of enlightened absolutism, and sought to reform education, the law, and culture (he was a patron of Wolfgang Mozart, for example). He also followed a policy of religious tolerance. However, Joseph's commitment to modernizing reforms subsequently engendered significant opposition (most notably from his mother during their co-rule), which eventually culminated in an ultimate failure to fully implement his programs. Revolts took place in Hungary and Belgium. Moreover, Joseph was expansionist, and frequently followed policies specifically designed to cause conflict with his neighbors. Austria gained territory at the expense of the Kingdom of Poland during the First and Third Partitions of Poland, but he was unable to realize his goal of annexing Bavaria. The Austro-Turkish War, concurrent with the Russo-Turkish War, was costly to Austria. Joseph died in February, 1790 after a long period of illness, watching in his last days as his reforms came to naught.
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