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The Chagos Archipelago (formerly, Oil Islands) is a group of seven atolls comprising more than 60 individual tropical islands roughly in the centre of the Indian Ocean. The islands and their surrounding waters form a vast oceanic Environment Preservation and Protection Zone(EPPZ)/Fisheries Conservation and Management Zone(FCMZ) of 544,000 square kilometres (210,000 square miles)—an area twice the size of the UK’s land surface. The Chagos lies about 500 km (300 miles) due south of the Maldives, its nearest neighbour, 1600 km (1000 miles) southwest of India, half way between Tanzania and Java.

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  • Chagos
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  • The Chagos Archipelago (formerly, Oil Islands) is a group of seven atolls comprising more than 60 individual tropical islands roughly in the centre of the Indian Ocean. The islands and their surrounding waters form a vast oceanic Environment Preservation and Protection Zone(EPPZ)/Fisheries Conservation and Management Zone(FCMZ) of 544,000 square kilometres (210,000 square miles)—an area twice the size of the UK’s land surface. The Chagos lies about 500 km (300 miles) due south of the Maldives, its nearest neighbour, 1600 km (1000 miles) southwest of India, half way between Tanzania and Java.
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abstract
  • The Chagos Archipelago (formerly, Oil Islands) is a group of seven atolls comprising more than 60 individual tropical islands roughly in the centre of the Indian Ocean. The islands and their surrounding waters form a vast oceanic Environment Preservation and Protection Zone(EPPZ)/Fisheries Conservation and Management Zone(FCMZ) of 544,000 square kilometres (210,000 square miles)—an area twice the size of the UK’s land surface. The Chagos lies about 500 km (300 miles) due south of the Maldives, its nearest neighbour, 1600 km (1000 miles) southwest of India, half way between Tanzania and Java. Officially part of the British Indian Ocean Territory, the Chagos were home to the Chagossians for more than a century and a half until the United Kingdom and the United States expelled them in the 1960s in order to allow the US to build a military base on Diego Garcia, the largest of the Chagos Islands. The deal was sanctioned by the then British Secretary of State for Defence, Denis Healey. The Chagos group is a combination of different coralline structures topping a submarine ridge running southwards across the centre of the Indian Ocean, formed by volcanoes above the Réunion hotspot. Unlike in the Maldives there is not a clearly discernible pattern of arrayed atolls, which makes the whole archipelago look somewhat chaotic. Most of the coralline structures of the Chagos are submerged reefs. The Chagos contain the world’s largest coral atoll and the greatest marine biodiversity in the UK by far. It also has one of the healthiest reef systems in the cleanest waters in the world, supporting half the total area of good quality reefs in the Indian Ocean. As a result, the ecosystems of the Chagos have so far proven resilient to climate change and environmental disruptions.
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