Historically, the phalanx formation was a common feature in hoplite warfare, however, it was Philip II who introduced a new revolutionary type of phalanx. His sarrisa armed phalangites were the main reason why Macedon became a superpower and dominated its enemies. This new type of warfare was so successful that after the partition of Alexander the Great's empire many Greek and other armies adopted the sarissa and the phalangite type of infantry.
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