About: Grand Quartier Général (1914–1919)   Sponge Permalink

An Entity of Type : dbkwik:resource/34Hx5JIsx7rT21ciEtOUkg==, within Data Space : 134.155.108.49:8890 associated with source dataset(s)

The (abbreviated to or in spoken French) was the general headquarters of the French Army during the First World War. It served as the wartime equivalent of the and had extensive powers within an area defined by the French parliament. The was activated by parliament on 2 August 1914, after the violation of French borders by German military patrols, and remained in existence until 20 October 1919.

AttributesValues
rdf:type
rdfs:label
  • Grand Quartier Général (1914–1919)
rdfs:comment
  • The (abbreviated to or in spoken French) was the general headquarters of the French Army during the First World War. It served as the wartime equivalent of the and had extensive powers within an area defined by the French parliament. The was activated by parliament on 2 August 1914, after the violation of French borders by German military patrols, and remained in existence until 20 October 1919.
sameAs
Start date
  • 1914-08-02(xsd:date)
dcterms:subject
dbkwik:military/pr...iPageUsesTemplate
commander3 label
  • 1917(xsd:integer)
Commander
Branch
Role
  • General Headquarters
Nickname
  • GQG or Grand QG
Country
  • France
Caption
  • Minister for War Alexandre Millerand arriving at the Chantilly
  • building in February 1915
Unit Name
commander2 label
  • 1916(xsd:integer)
End Date
  • 1919-10-20(xsd:date)
commander1 label
  • 1914(xsd:integer)
abstract
  • The (abbreviated to or in spoken French) was the general headquarters of the French Army during the First World War. It served as the wartime equivalent of the and had extensive powers within an area defined by the French parliament. The was activated by parliament on 2 August 1914, after the violation of French borders by German military patrols, and remained in existence until 20 October 1919. The was commanded by the Chief-of-Staff, assisted by a varying number of subordinate generals, and had representatives to the French government and president. The physical headquarters of was originally at Vitry-le-François in the Marne department but rapid German advances in the early stages of the war forced its withdrawal to Chantilly, near Paris, by November 1914 and it remained there for much of the rest of the war. General Joseph Joffre served as the first Chief of Staff of from the start of the war until December 1916 and his replacement by General Robert Nivelle. Nivelle himself was replaced in May 1917 after the failure of his Spring offensive and his successor was General Philippe Pétain, who retained command of until its dissolution in 1919. In April 1918 the was established under General Ferdinand Foch as an equivalent organisation with authority for all allied operations in France. was organised into a complex series of departments and bureaus that changed frequently throughout the war. This structure has been criticised by historians for failing to encourage co-operation between departments and for widespread infighting. There were also concerns about the autonomy and power vested in GQG. French policy, laid down in 1913, had been for the two most important field armies, the North and North-East, to retain operational independence. However GQG, under Joffre, assumed control of these armies in December 1915 and retained them until his replacement by Nivelle when the Minister of War, Joseph Gallieni, raised concerns that the pre-war policy was being violated. The failed to accurately assess German casualties, basing military operations on wildly optimistic assessments of the weakness of German units and reserves.
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