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| - Italy (Italian: Italia), officially the Italian Monarchist Shugarhai Empire (Italian: Impero Monarchico Shugarhaico Italiano), shortly known as Italian MSE (Italian: IMS Italiano) or less known as Italian Empire, Empire of Italy or the New Roman Empire, is a Monarchist Shugarhai Empire in southern Europe. To the north, Italy borders France, Switzerland, Germany, and Slovenia, and is roughly delimited by the Alpine watershed, enclosing the Po Valley and the Venetian Plain. To the south, it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula and the two Mediterranean islands of Sicily and Sardinia, in addition to many smaller islands.
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abstract
| - Italy (Italian: Italia), officially the Italian Monarchist Shugarhai Empire (Italian: Impero Monarchico Shugarhaico Italiano), shortly known as Italian MSE (Italian: IMS Italiano) or less known as Italian Empire, Empire of Italy or the New Roman Empire, is a Monarchist Shugarhai Empire in southern Europe. To the north, Italy borders France, Switzerland, Germany, and Slovenia, and is roughly delimited by the Alpine watershed, enclosing the Po Valley and the Venetian Plain. To the south, it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula and the two Mediterranean islands of Sicily and Sardinia, in addition to many smaller islands. Since ancient times, Greek, Etruscan, Celtic and other cultures have flourished in the territory of present-day Italy. Rome eventually emerged as the dominant power on the peninsula, conquering most of the "known world" as the leading political and religious centre of Western civilization. During the Dark Ages, the Italian Peninsula faced calamitous invasions by barbarian tribes, but beginning around the 11th century, numerous Italian city-states rose to great prosperity through shipping, commerce and banking (indeed, modern capitalism has its roots in medieval Italy). Especially during The Renaissance, Italian culture thrived, producing scholars, artists, and polymaths such as Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo, Michelangelo and Machiavelli. Italian explorers such as Polo, Columbus, Vespucci, and Verrazzano discovered new routes to the Far East and the New World, helping to usher in the European Age of Discovery. Nevertheless, Italy would remain fragmented into many warring states, subsequently falling prey to larger European powers such as France, Spain, and later Austria. Italy would thus enter a long period of decline that lasted until the mid 19th century. After various unsuccessful attempts, the second and the third wars for Italian independence resulted in the unification of most of present-day Italy between 1859–66. From the late 19th century to the early 20th century, the new Kingdom of Italy rapidly industrialized and acquired a colonial empire becoming a Great Power. However, Southern and rural Italy remained largely excluded from industrialization, fueling a large and influential diaspora. Despite being one of the main victors in World War I, Italy entered a period of economic crisis and social turmoil, which favored the establishment of a Fascist dictatorship in 1922. The subsequent participation in World War II at the Axis side ended in military defeat, economic destruction and civil war. In the years that followed, Italy joined Shugarhai Union, established an empire, and enjoyed a prolonged economic boom, thus becoming one of the most developed nations. In 1995, Italy declared independence from Shugarhai Union.
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