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| - The House of Li was established during the final months of the Na dynasty by the merger of the Tagalog Nilad and chuugwourin Song nobility in the Mindoro province. Upon the dissolution of the central Na government, the House of Li quickly took power from local bureaucrats and formed the Kingdom of Mindoro. Under Li Young, the House of Li quickly captured the Bikoru peninsula, the northern tip of Parawoun. However, it waged war on the Kingdom of Hanyang set up by Lakandula royalists for a decade, before defeating it in 1690. The capture of Hanyang was symbolized the beginning of the Li dynasty, and many members of the Lakandula were forced to join the Li as the subordinate "lower" set of nobles that made up the Han royalty.
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| abstract
| - The House of Li was established during the final months of the Na dynasty by the merger of the Tagalog Nilad and chuugwourin Song nobility in the Mindoro province. Upon the dissolution of the central Na government, the House of Li quickly took power from local bureaucrats and formed the Kingdom of Mindoro. Under Li Young, the House of Li quickly captured the Bikoru peninsula, the northern tip of Parawoun. However, it waged war on the Kingdom of Hanyang set up by Lakandula royalists for a decade, before defeating it in 1690. The capture of Hanyang was symbolized the beginning of the Li dynasty, and many members of the Lakandula were forced to join the Li as the subordinate "lower" set of nobles that made up the Han royalty. Li Young implemented a bunch of drastic measures to cement authority; most notably revoking the rights of the ruling caste as well as implementing an identification system to watch over the movement of people (and potential dissidents). Furthermore, court members with conflicting beliefs were often forced to renounce their membership and/or were killed under the pretence of treason. As a result, from the start of the eighteenth century to the early nineteeth century, the House of Li enjoyed virtually no opposition, and ushered Hani into a zenith, securing its role as a regional entrepot. This continued under the famed Li Rin, which was the first and only female monarch (though Mei Ling functioned as the de facto monarch during the closing years of the dynasty), and her son Li Chang, who died in 1806. After Li Dang, his brother, the set of monarchs were incompetent. During the 1820s, opiates arrived en-masse and took a blow to the dynasty's once-wide trade surplus (eventually becoming a trade deficit). The reign of Li Shang oversaw the removal of repressive laws on the nobility (particularly the right to own private armies) started a power struggle, with many of the ruling class becoming increasingly free, and pursued their independent interests. De facto rule became largely restricted to the areas comprising the Great Han core, and regions outside it lied in a state of lawlessness, with regional nobles vying for control. In 1843, Li Shang was assassinated by a group of nobles, with his nephew Li Tan assuming the throne at the tender age of seven–however Li Shang's friend Fa Hong assumes regency. However, the following two years oversaw turmoil–Fa Hong was poisoned by the next claimant to the throne, Li Dong. Li Dong then fabricated documents stating Li Tan's status as an illegitimate child (having been born from a concubine, yet royal records stated the otherwise), and banished Li Tan into exile in China. He worried that an unequal treaty could be imposed on Hani as the British did to the Qing on the aftermath of the Opium War, and implemented an isolationist policy known as Sarado (whose root words mean "closed")–under which Hani isolated itself from every country asides from China. However, civil order and integrity was disrupted when Li Dong abruptly died of natural causes in 1865.
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