abstract
| - Neil Kinnock is a British politician who served as Prime Minister (1994 - 1996). He previously served as Education Secretary (1982 - 1983), Defence Secretary (1983 - 1990) and Foreign Secretary (1990 - 1994). Kinnock was regarded as the leader of the soft left of the Labour party during the Healey government, and was regarded as a frontrunner to succeed Healey as leader. He ultimately failed to gain the leadership in 1990, but was promoted by John Smith to Foreign Secretary. As such, his main responsibility was organising Britain's acceptance of the Maastricht Treaty and he became one of the founders of the modern European Union. In 1994 Smith died, in another close leadership election Kinnock was elected as his successor. Kinnock's period in office was not a happy one, with younger figures such as Peter Mandleson, Gordon Brown and most notably Tony Blair wanting to take the party to the right, and others such as Margaret Beckett and Robin Cook arguing for more orthodox democratic socialist policies. A further series of "sleaze" scandals amongst junior ministers and backbenchers, as well as a resurgent Conservative party led by Michael Portilo, resulted in Labour's landslide defeat in 1996. Following the election he resigned the Labour leadership. He remained a backbencher until the 2000 election, after which he was introduced to the House of Lords as Lord Kinnock of Bedwelty. He has been a prominent voice on the soft left of the Labour Party, and a critic of many on the right of the party, particularly Gordon Brown.
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