abstract
| - thumb|300px|right|The flag and national anthem of [[-03-0000Pakistan.]] Pakistan grew out of the two-nation theory of the Muslim League, which for the twenty years before the partition was synonymous with its permanent president, Mohamed Ali Jinnah, called by the Muslims of Pakistan Qaid-i-Azam (Supreme Leader). The career of Jinnah took a curious an ironic turn from being 'the apostle of Hindu-Muslim Unity', as he was once called by admiring Congressmen, to being the chief exponent, advocate and creator of Pakistan - a state based upon the thesis that the Muslims of India required a separate nation, a homeland and state for themselves, independant of Hindu rule. Pakistan is now a predominantly Muslim state, so predominantly Muslim is its population that its western and more important portion had, in the course of a few months of its establishment, been almost completely rid of its Hindu, Sikh, Christian and to a lesser extent its untouchable populations. By what processes this development has been brought about is what this article is designed to relate.
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