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| - Erno Goldfinger (November 11, 1902 – November 15, 1987) was a Hungarian-born architect and designer of furniture, and a key member of the architectural Modernist Movement after he had moved to the United Kingdom. His name was also the inspiration for the name of James Bond's opponent in the 1959 book Goldfinger (and the 1964 film of the same name). Goldfinger was born in Budapest. The family business was forestry and saw-mills. This led Goldfinger to consider a career in engineering, until he became interested in architecture after reading Hermann Muthesius's "Das englische Haus". He continued to recommend the book (a description of English domestic architecture around the turn of the century) for most of his life. In 1921, Goldfinger moved to Paris after the collapse, following World War I, of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In 1923, he went to study at the École nationale supérieure des beaux arts in the atelier of Léon Jaussely, and in the following years got to know many other Paris based architects including Auguste Perret, Mies van der Rohe and Le Corbusier. In 1929, before finishing his course, Goldfinger established a partnership and worked on a number of interior designs and an extension to a holiday home at Le Touquet. He was strongly influenced by the publication of Le Corbusier's Vers une Architecture, and became a fervent admirer of Le Corbusier's former mentor, Auguste Perret, an expert in designing reinforced concrete structures. This would later be an inspiration for Goldfinger when designing his own home. The early 1930s Goldfinger met and married Ursula Blackwell, heiress to the Crosse & Blackwell fortune. They moved to a flat in Highpoint I, London in 1934. Before World War II, Goldfinger built his own house (and two others) at 1-3 Willow Road in Hampstead, north London, and another at Broxted, Essex. His own house, 2 Willow Road, is now in the care of the National Trust. After the war, Goldfinger was commissioned to build new offices for the Daily Worker newspaper and the headquarters of the British Communist Party. He also built Alexander Fleming House at Elephant and Castle in south-east London for the Ministry of Health. As he was a neighbour in Willow Road, author Ian Fleming's dislike of the design of the house (and the demolition of the previous Victorian properties) prompted him to name the James Bond adversary and villain 'Auric Goldfinger' after Erno Goldfinger. Goldfinger consulted his lawyers when the book was published in 1959 (which prompted Fleming to threaten to rename the character 'Goldprick') but eventually decided not to sue; Fleming's publishers agreed to pay his costs and gave him six free copies of the book. Goldfinger was a serious man and sometimes sacked his assistants if they were inappropriately jocular. In an attempt to solve the huge shortage of housing in the country following World War II, in which nearly 4 million houses had been destroyed or damaged, the British Government began to see high-rise buildings as a solution, and Goldfinger rose to prominence in England as a designer of tower blocks. Among his most notable buildings of the period were Balfron Tower, 27-floor high (north of the Blackwall Tunnel, in Poplar in the east London Borough of Tower Hamlets), and the adjacent eleven-storey Carradale House. These served as models for the design of the similar 31-floor Trellick Tower (in North Kensington; started 1968, completed 1972). Although Goldfinger enjoyed living in his own buildings, they were unpopular both amongst the public and many post-modernist architects. Towards the end of the 20th century Goldfinger's work has become more appreciated. Trellick Tower is now a grade II listed building and has become something of a design icon, appearing on t-shirts, paintings and in the lyrics of a song by Blur. The few privately owned flats within fetch high prices at sale, and waiting lists for those that remain social housing are long. Balfron Tower and Carradale House are also listed grade II, while another of Goldfinger's Poplar blocks, Glenkerry House, is run as a housing co-operative and is regarded as a model for management of buildings of the type.
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