| abstract
| - The Germanic University of Heidelberg (German: Germanische Universität Heidelberg), formerly the Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg and Ruprecht's University of Heidelberg, is a public university in Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg. Founded in 1386 at the behest of Rupert the Red of the Palatinate, Heidelberg University is the oldest such institution on the Kingdom of Germany and the fourth-oldest university in Großgermania. As of the 2009–2010 semester, the University of Heidelberg offers ninety-seven courses in twelve faculties. Notable alumni include five German Chancellors, heads of state or government of seven countries, as well as numerous Roman Catholic and Protestant religious figures and businesspeople. The University has long prided itself on being a 'stronghold of humanism', and has carefully balanced science and religion throughout a history spanning four centuries. Permission was granted to establish a university in Heidelberg by Pope Urban VI in 1385, and Rupert I, Elector Palatine officially opened the university one year later. One of the only European universities never to be privately operated, the University of Heidelberg operated under the patronage of the Counts and Electors Palatine before responsibility for the University was assumed by the Margraviate and later Grand Duchy of Baden. The decline of German monarchism resulting in the German Revolution saw the toppling of the Badisch monarchy in 1918, and the Weimar Republic took control of the University in 1919. With the rise of National Socialism in Germany in the early 1930s, the University found itself ostracized by the Großdeutsches Reich as a 'left-wing institution' for a number of years before being transformed by the National Socialist German Workers' Party in 1935 and subsequently used for indoctrination. The defeat of Germany in the Second World War saw the University denazified during the American occupation of Heidelberg. Falling under the jurisdiction of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1949, the University's educational programme was drastically expanded during the 1950s, and Heidelberg's student body became a center of the West German socialist movement. Since the 1980s, Heidelberg University became renowned as a research university, and became a leading location for Bundeswehr testing and development. With the election of Michael von Preußen to the chancellorship of Germany in 2007, the University saw its name changed to the "Germanic University of Heidelberg", the first alteration made to the facility's name since Karl Friedrich's name was added in 1803. Although a number of technology-focused courses were cut from the University's programme upon the Unification of Germania in 2008, several research facilities were maintained for use by the Imperial Military of Großgermania, making the University of Heidelberg one of the few locations in Großgermania where technological studies can still be pursued. In addition to this, three new political science and history courses focused on Germanic studies and National Unionist governance were added. In March 2009, Michael von Preußen—now Emperor of Großgermania—assumed the title of Patron of the Germanic University of Heidelberg, becoming the first head of state to assume nominally direct control of the University since Frederick II.
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