The MPLA and UNITA had different roots in the Angolan social fabric and mutually incompatible leaderships, despite their shared aim of ending colonial occupation. Although both had socialist leanings, for the purpose of mobilising international support they posed as "Marxist–Leninist" and "anti-communist", respectively. A third movement, the National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA), having fought the MPLA alongside UNITA during the war for independence and the decolonization conflict, played almost no role in the Civil War. Additionally, the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (FLEC), an association of separatist militant groups, fought for the independence of the province of Cabinda from Angola.
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| - The MPLA and UNITA had different roots in the Angolan social fabric and mutually incompatible leaderships, despite their shared aim of ending colonial occupation. Although both had socialist leanings, for the purpose of mobilising international support they posed as "Marxist–Leninist" and "anti-communist", respectively. A third movement, the National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA), having fought the MPLA alongside UNITA during the war for independence and the decolonization conflict, played almost no role in the Civil War. Additionally, the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (FLEC), an association of separatist militant groups, fought for the independence of the province of Cabinda from Angola.
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| Strength
| - MPLA troops:
*40,000 – 70,000
*130,000
Cuban troops:
*35,000 – 37,000
*60,000
Soviet troops:
*Altogether 11,000
- UNITA militants:
*65,000
FNLA militants:
*22,000
*4,000 – 7,000
South African troops:
*20,000
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| dbkwik:military/pr...iPageUsesTemplate
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| Partof
| - the Cold War and the South African Border War
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| Date
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| Commander
| - Fidel Castro
- Balthazar Johannes Vorster
- Pieter Willem Botha
- Agostinho Neto
- Holden Roberto
- José Eduardo dos Santos
- Lúcio Lara
- Marais Viljoen
- Arnaldo Ochoa
- Jonas Savimbi †
- Leopoldo Cintra
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| Casualties
| - 1(xsd:integer)
- 54(xsd:integer)
- 2077(xsd:integer)
- 2300(xsd:integer)
- 15000(xsd:integer)
- Unknown
- Over 500,000 civilians dead
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| Result
| - MPLA victory
*Withdrawal of all foreign forces in 1989
*Transition towards a multiparty political system in 1991/92
*Dissolution of the armed forces of FNLA
*Participation of UNITA and FNLA, as political parties, in the new political system, from 1991/92 onwards, but civil war continues
*Jonas Savimbi killed in 2002
*Immediate peace agreement and dissolution of the armed forces of UNITA in 2002
*Resistance of FLEC continued beyond 2002
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| Conflict
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| abstract
| - The MPLA and UNITA had different roots in the Angolan social fabric and mutually incompatible leaderships, despite their shared aim of ending colonial occupation. Although both had socialist leanings, for the purpose of mobilising international support they posed as "Marxist–Leninist" and "anti-communist", respectively. A third movement, the National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA), having fought the MPLA alongside UNITA during the war for independence and the decolonization conflict, played almost no role in the Civil War. Additionally, the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (FLEC), an association of separatist militant groups, fought for the independence of the province of Cabinda from Angola. The 27-year war can be divided roughly into three periods of major fighting – from 1975 to 1991, 1992 to 1994, and from 1998 to 2002 – broken up by fragile periods of peace. By the time the MPLA finally achieved victory in 2002, more than 500,000 people had died and over one million had been internally displaced. The war devastated Angola's infrastructure, and severely damaged the nation's public administration, economic enterprises, and religious institutions. The Angolan Civil War was notable due to the combination of Angola's violent internal dynamics and massive foreign intervention. The war became a Cold War struggle, as both the Soviet Union and the United States, along with their respective allies, provided significant military assistance to parties in the conflict. Moreover, the Angolan conflict became entangled with the Second Congo War in the neighbouring Democratic Republic of the Congo, as well as with the Namibian War of Independence.
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| is History
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| is Wars
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![[RDF Data]](/fct/images/sw-rdf-blue.png)