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| - Bessarabia (Romanian: Basarabia), officially the Republic of Bessarabia (Romanian: Republica Basarabiei), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe that is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south except for small portion which is surrounded by the Black Sea. It has a population of 3 million, roughly 400,000 of which live in the country's capital and largest city, Chișinău. A parliamentary republic, Andrei Ardelean has been Prime Minister since 2011.
- Basarabia (; , Bessarabiya) is a historical region in Eastern Europe, bounded by the Dniester River on the east and the Prut River on the west. Nowadays the bulk of the region is part of Moldova, while the northern and southern areas are part of Ukraine.
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| abstract
| - Basarabia (; , Bessarabiya) is a historical region in Eastern Europe, bounded by the Dniester River on the east and the Prut River on the west. Nowadays the bulk of the region is part of Moldova, while the northern and southern areas are part of Ukraine. In the aftermath of the Russo-Turkish War, 1806-1812, and ensuing Peace of Bucharest, the eastern parts of the Principality of Moldavia, an Ottoman vassal, along with some areas formerly under direct Ottoman rule, were ceded to Imperial Russia. The newly acquired territories were organised as the Governorate of Bessarabia, adopting a name previously used for the southern plains of the Dniester-Prut interfluve. Following the Crimean War, in 1856, the southern areas of Bessarabia were returned to Moldavian rule; nevertheless, Russian rule was restored over the whole of the region in 1878, when Romania, which had emerged from Moldavia's union with Wallachia, was pressured into exchanging those territories for Dobruja. In 1917, in the wake of the Russian Revolution, the area constituted itself as the Moldavian Democratic Republic, an autonomous republic part of a federative Russian state. Bolshevik agitation in late 1917 and early 1918 resulted in the intervention of the Romanian Army, ostensibly to pacify the region. Soon after, the parliamentary assembly declared independence and then Union with the Kingdom of Romania. The legality of these acts was however disputed, most prominently by the Soviet Union, which regarded the area as a territory occupied by Romania. In 1940, after securing the assent of Nazi Germany through the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, the Soviet Union pressured Romania into withdrawing from Bessarabia, allowing the Red Army to militarily occupy the region. The area was formally integrated into the Soviet Union: the core region joined parts of the Moldavian ASSR to form the Moldavian SSR, while the territories inhabited by Slavic majorities in the North and the South of Bessarabia were transferred to the Ukrainian SSR. Axis-aligned Romania briefly recaptured the region in 1941, during the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union, but lost it in 1944, as the tide of war changed. In 1947, the Soviet-Romanian border set along the Prut River was internationally recognised by the Paris Treaty that ended World War II. During the process of dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Moldavian and Ukrainian SSR proclaimed their independence in 1991, becoming the modern states of Moldova and Ukraine, while preserving the existing partition of Bessarabia. Following a short war in the early 1990s, Transnistria proclaimed itself the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, separate from the government of the Republic of Moldova, extending its authority also over the municipality of Bender in Bessarabia. Part of the Gagauz-inhabited areas in the southern Bessarabia were organised in 1994 as an autonomous region within Moldova.
- Bessarabia (Romanian: Basarabia), officially the Republic of Bessarabia (Romanian: Republica Basarabiei), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe that is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south except for small portion which is surrounded by the Black Sea. It has a population of 3 million, roughly 400,000 of which live in the country's capital and largest city, Chișinău. A parliamentary republic, Andrei Ardelean has been Prime Minister since 2011. Formerly a republic of the USSR, Bessarabia declared independence on June 23, 1990 which was not recognized until after the collapse of the Soviet Union on December 26, 1991. Amidst the chaos during the fall of communism in Europe, the Pridnestrovian Bessarabian Republic, also known as Transnistria, broke away from Bessarabia and now controls a small strip along the River Dniester. An armed conflict between Bessarabia and Transnistria broke out, lasting four years before a Ukrainian-brokered ceasefire was signed in 1995 although border skirmishes continue today. While Bessarabia remains one of the poorest countries in Europe, its economy is one of the fastest-growing, dominated by the service sector. It has been a member of the United Nations since it achieved independence. It applied to become a member of the European Union in 2005 and has received large amounts of aid from the EU. It is a close partner of NATO and some political parties within the country have pledged their support for joining the alliance. It has a very close relationship with Romania, due to their similar cultural heritage. In 2010, it signed an agreement with Romania to reduce border restrictions between the two nations. It also has a warm relationship with the United States and has received military and financial assistance from them on several occasions.
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