rdfs:comment
| - Gunpowder first came to Korea in the mid 1300s, but it was not until the 1370s when Korea began its own production. Choe Mu-seon copied various Chinese gunpowder weapons including cannons and rockets. During the reign of Taejong of Joseon, improvements were made, and still more were made by Sejong of Joseon in the 1440s. During the mid 16th century the classic "Cheonja", "Jija", "Hyeonja", and "Hwangja" chongtong appeared. Earlier in the century, the bullanggi, a breech-loading swivel gun was introduced from Portugal via China.
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abstract
| - Gunpowder first came to Korea in the mid 1300s, but it was not until the 1370s when Korea began its own production. Choe Mu-seon copied various Chinese gunpowder weapons including cannons and rockets. During the reign of Taejong of Joseon, improvements were made, and still more were made by Sejong of Joseon in the 1440s. During the mid 16th century the classic "Cheonja", "Jija", "Hyeonja", and "Hwangja" chongtong appeared. Earlier in the century, the bullanggi, a breech-loading swivel gun was introduced from Portugal via China. In 1596, more improvements were made, and by this time the "Seungja" class of hand-cannons were phased out in favor of the Japanese tanegashima arquebuses and muskets. The Koreans called these jochong (조총/鳥銃). During the 1650s, Hendrick Hamel and others were shipwrecked on Jeju Island, introducing a Dutch cannon, which the Koreans called the hongyi-po, and used it alongside the native Korean cannons. They were finally discontinued in the late 19th century when Joseon abolished the old-style army in favor of an army based on contemporary Western militaries.
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