SCR systems are sensitive to potential chemical impurities in the urea solution, therefore the solvent is demineralised water. The solution is clear, non-toxic and safe to handle. However, it can corrode some metals and so must be stored and transported in vessels made of materials not so affected. DEF is stored in a tank onboard the vehicle, and injected into the exhaust stream by a metering system at a rate of 3–5% of diesel consumption volume. This low dosing rate ensures long fluid refill intervals . An Electronic control unit adjusts the addition of fluid in accord with such parameters as engine operating temperature and speed to ensure that the emmisions levels are with permitted limits.
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